Avian Energetics - W. A. Calder (1974)

An investigation into the gregarious habits and parasitism of the tortise shell butterfly larvae, Aglais milberti - G. Hempton (1974)

Interspecific aggressive behavior of pocket gophers Thomomys bottae and T. talpoides (Geomyidae: Rodentia) - A. Baker (Ecology, 1974)
The distributions of pocket gopher species in Colorado are contiguously allopatric. The pattern has been attributed to competitive exclusion, perhaps due to aggression toward the broad—niche species by more narrow—niche species. This study tested for differences in aggressiveness between the narrow—niche Thomomys bottae and the broader niched T. talpoides. Twenty—seven individuals of T. bottae were paired with 27 T. talpoides. Each animal was used once. Contrary to expectations the broader niched species, T. talpoides, is more aggressive than T. bottae.

Phenotypic variation with altitude in the pistillate inflorescence of Carex aquatilis - L. Kawano (1974)

Feeding behavior and the construction of haypiles in Ochotona princeps - E. Taylor (1974)

Tricopter density under rocks in different velocities of the East River, Gothic, Colorado - T. Mendelson (1974)

Habitat diversity study of the ground beetles and bugs at Gothic, Colorado (Coleoptera and Hemiptera) - Jane Palmer (1974)

Behavioral and environmental factors in the spatial distribution and population dynamics of a yellow-bellied marmot population - G. E. Svendsen; G. E. Svendsen (Ecology, 1974)
Behavioral and environmental factors in the spatial distribution and population dynamics of a yellow—bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) population were studied in 1971 and 1972 in Gunnison Co., Colorado. Yellow—bellied marmots are generally considered to be colonial; however, this is not their only option, depending upon the marmots' behavioral profile and the size and composition of the habitat. Of the adult—yearling group 75% lived as members of colonies, 16% lived at satellite sites, and 8% were transients. Satellite sites differed from colonies mainly in size and topographic diversity; they may be considered mini—habitats, with the most limited resources being burrow sites. Marmots can be classified, by means of mirror—image stimulation (MIS), as aggressive, social, and avoider. Aggressive females tended to occupy small harems at large sites, or to live as solitary individuals regardless of the size of the site. Social females occurred primarily at large sites, in harems. Avoider females lived in peripheral burrows at colonies, or in satellite sites. All behavioral types reproduced successfully, but reproductive fitness was correlated with social structure. Aggressive females were most fit in small harems or at satellite sites, whereas social females were most fit in large social groups. Avoiders were least fit in all social situations. Data presently available fails to show that the behavioral profile of the female is reflected in the social tendencies of her young. In general, social behavior is a major factor affecting the distribution and dynamics of populations of yellow—bellied marmots, but dispersion is also related to the distribution of suitable habitat.

The effects of predation by small mammals on a grass community - Jeffrey S. Dean (1974)

Dragonfly observation - A. Carpenter (1974)

Acititis macularia L - R. Bruesewitz (1974)

Natural regeneration of subalpine spruce and fir in the avalanche area of the Gothic Natural Area - Jane Palmer (1974)

A spatial and temporal study of the diversity and distribution of carrion insects in the Gothic area - P. Pollner (1974)

Homing tendencies in Peromyscus maniculatus utilizing Gothic area house pets - E. Owens (1974)

Castilleja of the Gunnison Basin - B. L. Peckarsky (1974)

The orb-weaver genera Araniella and Nuctenea (Araneae: Araneidae) - H. W. Levi (Bull Mus Comp Zool, 1974)

Ethogram on Thamnophis elegans vagrans - D. Henneberger (1974)

The effect of downstream drift on colonization of aquatic insect larvae - B. L. Peckarsky (1974)

Feeding habits of third instar Dytiscus dauricus larvae - J. Fagan (1974)

Foraging patterns around a large nest of red and black ants - G. Hempton; H. D. Hasbrouck; P. Gross (1974)

Behavior of the red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus - B. Sugg (1974)

The effects of the Keystone Mine on aquatic invertebrates - A. Morris (1974)

Zooplankton competition and predation: an experimental test of the size-efficiency hypothesis - S. I. Dodson (Ecology, 1974)
Twelve 42—liter plankton cages were used in an alpine Colorado pond to test a size—efficiency hypothesis: to determine why small herbivorous zooplankton species tend not to coexist with large species. The size—efficiency hypothesis, that large species exclude the smaller ones through competition for food, was not substantiated. An alternate hypothesis extends the understanding of the importance of size—selective predators to include invertebrates selecting small prey. A predaceous copepod Diaptomus shoshone excluded the small Daphnia minnehaha from an association with the large D. middendorffiana within 1 mo. By implication, the predacious copepod is responsible for the absence of the small species in ponds occupied by the large Daphnia species.

Male behaviour and territoriality in the yellow-bellied marmot - Kenneth B. Armitage (Journal of Zoology, London, 1974)
Five populations of marmots were studied in Colorado from 1962 through 1972. Males are classified by age as yearlings, two‐year olds, and adults. Socially, marmots are colonial, peripheral, or transient. Each population was divided into four age‐sex classes, male yearlings, female yearlings, male adults, female adults, for analysis of social behaviour. Social behaviour was amicable or agonistic. Both types of behaviour occurred between male yearlings and each of the other age‐sex classes. Play‐fighting characterized social behaviour among male yearlings. Agonistic behaviour characterized social interactions between male yearlings and male adults. Male yearlings avoided male adults and usually dispersed from the locality. Adult male aggression enhanced but was not necessary for dispersal of yearling males. Agonistic behaviour between males and the four age‐sex classes was not related to population density.Territorial males are conspicuous and advertise their presence by tail flagging. Many colonial males patrol their territory. Adult male social behaviour is predominantly agonistic. Mean rates of amicable and of agonistic behaviour between adult males and adult females were greater for years of male turnover than for years of male returns.Territoriality is characterized by exclusive use of the area by the colonial male, vigorous defence against transient or peripheral males, and by a relatively fixed area. A decrease in the number of males in an area causes an increase in the size of territories. Additional males in an area causes a decrease in the size of territories. The mean size of 24 typical territories is 0.67 ha. Reduction in the number of territories in an area was associated with increased agonistic behaviour among adult males. Fights were rare and occurred when the territorial system was unstable.The major functions of the territorial system are enhanced reproduction in a limited environment, enhanced outbreeding and enhanced fitness of colonial males.

Parental behavior in the water ouzel, Cinclus mexicanus unicolor - an ethogram - T. Mendelson (1974)

Primary productivity of Sylvanite Pond - R. S. Inouye (1974)

Predation on Ambystoma tigrinum - D. Henneberger (1974)

Bumblebee pollinators of Aconitum columbianum and Delphinium barbeyi - K. Dooley (1974)

An ethogram: the behavior of Castor canadensis, the common beaver - L. R. Desmond (1974)

Synchronous visualization of video-taped sounds and motions of insects - P. A. Wussow; R. L. Willey; J. B. Steinberg (Psyche, 1974)

Enzyme polymorphism and metabolism - G. C. Johnson (Science, 1974)

Dietary differences between two co-occurring calanoid copepod species - M. P. Maly; M. P. Maly (Oecologia, 1974)
It is concluded that either temporal differences or size differences of copepodids and adults would allow coexistence and that extreme size differences are probably unimportant compared to morphological differences of feeding appendages and perhaps behavioral differences.

Plant resources and butterfly habitat selection - M. A. Sharp; D. R. Parks; P. R. Ehrlich (Ecology, 1974)
The microdistribution of adult subalpine butterflies was examined in relation to several components of the mountain meadow flora in Gunnison County, Colorado. With the exception of two small, sedentary species, there was no significant correlation between the microdistribution of the butterflies and that of their larval food plants. Similarly, correlational studies indicated no strong habitat selection on the basis of nectar source abundance. The diversity of the butterfly fauna was, if anything, negatively correlated with overall floral diversity. It thus seems that most of the butterflies studied treat a wide array of meadow—vegetation associations as suitable habitat.

The adaptive significance of paedogenesis in North American species of Ambystoma (Amphibia: Caudata): an hypothesis - W. G. Sprules (Canadian Journal of Zoology, 1974)
Paedogenesis in varying degrees is exhibited by many species of North American salamanders, particularly of the genus Ambystoma. On the basis of a consideration of the ecology of these species, it is proposed that paedogenesis is evolutionarily adaptive and the following hypothesis is presented. In most habitats where ambystomatid salamanders occur, they exhibit the typical amphibian life history, consisting of aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults. However, where unusually harsh conditions, such as severe temperature fluctuations, lack of suitable cover or food, and low humidity, exist on land then the adjacent aquatic habitat is more suitable for salamanders provided it is permanent and provided fish are rare or absent. Under these circumstances paedogenesis will evolve because salamanders which spend their whole lives as larvae in the water have an adaptive advantage over those which metamorphose and become primarily terrestrial. Supporting evidence for the hypothesis is based primarily on patterns of similarity in the ecology of paedogenetic species of Ambystoma. It is suggested that paedogenesis is most commonly reported from the western mountains because this area contains more permanent fish-free ponds than any other area of North America. Exceptions to the hypothesis are discussed and some speculation on the genetic basis of paedogenesis is offered.

Minerals of Creede, Mineral County, Colorado - A. T. Smith (Rocks & Minerals, 1974)

Ethological notes on the red-winged blackbird - J. Wolfe (1974)

Stratigraphic relationships of the Shafer limestone, San Juan County, Utah - Richard B. Mattox; John P. Brand (1974)
The Cutler Formation, or Group, has been the subject for strati graphic controversies since it was named by Cross and Howe for ex posures of redbeds along Cutler Creek at sites near Ouray, Colorado

A behavior study of Castor canadensis - L. Kawano (1974)

Population study of Sorex in the Gothic area, Gunnison County, Colorado - M. Camp (1974)

Orchid pollination - B. Hammon (1974)

Cryptic behavior in moths - T. Mendelson (1974)

Feeding strategy of Ameletus - Jeffrey S. Dean (1974)

Insect ecology project - T. Peterson (1974)

Test for predator escape mechanisms in ostracods - B. Sugg (1974)

Strategies of food plant exploitation in a complex of oligophagous butterflies - F. S. Chew (1974)

Effect of Keystone Mine runoff on vegetation - R. Bruesewitz (1974)

The effect of 3 species of ants on aphid population success and parasitism - P. Gross (1974)

Strategies of nesting in a high-altitude temperate hummingbird - Nickolas M. Waser (Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 1974)

Occurence of a New Orange-tan Mutation in Peromyscus maniculatus rufinus from Delta County, Colorado - Richard N. Seaman; Donald J. Nash (American Midland Naturalist, 1974)
Richard N. Seaman, Donald J. Nash, Occurence of a New Orange-tan Mutation in Peromyscus maniculatus rufinus from Delta County, Colorado, The American Midland Naturalist, Vol. 92, No. 1 (Jul., 1974), pp. 202-203

Halophyte Communities of Park County, Colorado - Irwin A. Ungar (Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 1974)

Demography of yellow-bellied marmot populations - Kenneth B. Armitage; J. F. Downhower (Ecology, 1974)

The value of Carex as an ecological indicator - J. Wolfe (1974)

Cover Story: Pitkin County - Al Van Cleven (JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1974)
To the Editor.— The response to my painting,Pitkin County, on the cover of the Sept 23 issue was a pleasant surprise. The many inquiries and compliments I received from physicians who saw the cover are both encouraging and rewarding. I thank the staff ofThe Journalfor its fine presentation of my painting.

Comments on a postmetamorphic aggregate of Bufo boreas - H. B. Lillywhite; R. J. Wassersug (Copeia, 1974)

Naturally occurring variation in larval color of Colias butterflies: isolation from two Colorado populations - Robert S. Hoffmann; W. B. Watt (Evolution, 1974)

Feeding habits of the golden-mantled squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) in the Gothic area - P. Pollner (1974)

Foraging strategies in animals - G. H. Pyke (1974)

Reproductive efforts of plants along an altitudinal gradient - K. Pete; J. Blake (1973)

Alkaloids and predation patterns in Colorado lupine populations - P. M. Dolinger; P. R. Ehrlich; W. L. Fitch; D. E. Breedlove (Oecologia, 1973)

The ecology of the pollinators and predators of Frasera speciosa - A. J. Beattie; D. E. Breedlove; P. R. Ehrlich (Ecology, 1973)

Reproductive strategies in Taraxacum officinale - M. DeLorenzo; M. Linton (1973)

Salt Pickup from Agricultural Lands in the Grand Valley of Colorado - Gaylord V. Skogerboe; Wynn R. Walker (Journal of Environmental Quality, 1973)
AbstractIntroduction of seepage and deep percolation losses to the saline soils and aquifers, and the eventual return of these flows to the river system with their large salt loads, make the Grand Valley in Colorado one of the more significant salinity sources in the Upper Colorado River Basin. A study was formulated in which the principle components of both the water and salt flow systems were delineated. Water and salt budgets were generated on a monthly basis for the water years 1969–1971.The salt budgets for the 1971 water year have been abstracted from this study and presented herein to illustrate the salt pickup occurring in the Grand Valley area. Results indicate about 51,039 metric tons of dissolved solids being added from the small 1876 ha test area. This salt contribution of about 27.1 metric tons/ha is shown to be proportionate to the valley‐wide pickup. From this analysis, it is concluded that salinity control alternatives must focus on reducing the flow of water in the ground‐water system. Possible measures include conveyance channel linings and improved on‐farm water management practices.

Density, size and clutch of two high altitude diaptomid copepods - E. J. Maly (Limnology and Oceanography, 1973)
Population characteristics of two copepod species, Diaptomus shoshone Forbes and Diaptomus coloradensis Marsh, and both interspecific and intraspecific interactions are examined. Both species vary in size among years and among several high altitude ponds in Colorado. Larger individuals with larger clutches are found in ponds where the density of developing individuals is low. Size differences can occur as a result of conditions in nauplii or copepodid stages. Clutches of both species vary in a given pond as the season progresses, but larger individuals carry larger clutches, and, at least in D. shoshone, first clutches are found on large individuals. There is little interaction between the two species, and temperature does not affect adult size.

Trace metal geochemistry and hydrothermal alteration of three molybdenum-bearing stocks, Gunnison and Pitkin Counties, Colorado - Robert Perkins (SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma), 1973)
decrease with depth.Correlation coefficients .calculatedusing samples from all three stocks show negative correlation between copper and molybdenum, zinc and molybdenum, and a slight (statistically insignificant) negative correlation between .lead and molybdenum.Data from this study along .withdata frpm major stockwork molybdenum .depositsare presented diagrammatically in an attempt to show vertical and lateral changes. in alteration and approximate 2:.onal distribution of mineralization associated with a molybdenum-bearing intrusive system.'

Enzyme polymorphism and biosystematics: the hypothesis of selective neutrality - G. C. Johnson (Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1973)
In the last few years there has been an explosion of information concerning electrophoretic variation at enzyme loci. These data are being increasingly employed in attempts to elucidate biosystematic and phylogednetic relationships. As the evolutionary role of these allozyme polymorphisms is not well understood, the assumptions inherent in such approaches warrant careful consideration. The following review addresses itself to an examination of the possible role of selection in maintaining enzyme polymorphisms in natural populations. Selected for discussion here are those papers which seem to me to bear importantly upon central issues; the literature citations are not intended to be comprehensive or complete. EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS Before discussing either the patterns of allozyme variation which have been observed or their possible evolutionary significance, it is necessary to consider what has been examined: the classes of protein variants detectable by current methods, the organisms which have been examined for such variants, and the enzyme reactions which have been used as screens. It is necessary to state carefully the experimental question which allozyme surveys pose in order to evaluate possible limitations and bias in the results obtained. Experimental approaches involving electrophoretic analysis have dealt with three related sorts of questions: (a) those concerning relative amounts of variation; (b) those concerning the genetic nature of polymorphic variation; (c) those employing comparisons of variant types. Work in each of these areas may entail important assumptions about the nature of the variation. When assessing the levels of electrophoretic variation in a natural population, the assumption is generally made, implicitly or explicitly, that electrophoretically de

Microhabitat selection during nesting of hummingbirds in the Rocky Mountains - W. A. Calder (Ecology, 1973)
The importance of nest location in reducing heat loss by radiation and convection is indicated by a preliminary examination of the nest sites of Broad—tailed and Calliope hummingbirds with regard to chilling nights in the Rocky Mountains. Radiation losses are estimated from surface temperatures. Nest diameter and weight increase as a function of time in the nesting season.

Variations in montane meadow flora (especially Poa interior) with moisture - K. Wisiol (1973)

Class project dandelions - M. Linton; M. DeLorenzo (1973)

Population relationships of bees and bee mimic flies - K. Pete (1973)

Population changes and social behavior following colonization by the yellow-bellied marmot - Kenneth B. Armitage (Journal of Mammalogy, 1973)
Journal Article Population Changes and Social Behavior Following Colonization by the Yellow-Bellied Marmot Get access Kenneth B. Armitage Kenneth B. Armitage Department of Biology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 54, Issue 4, 14 December 1973, Pages 842–854, https://doi.org/10.2307/1379079 Published: 14 December 1973 Article history Accepted: 27 January 1973 Published: 14 December 1973

Thermal reguation of bumblebees - K. Pete (1973)

Territorial and hierarchical relationships in pika - J. Grula (1973)

Insect diversity - S. England; M. DeLorenzo; L. Raczak; K. Pete (1973)

The white-lined sphinx moth (Celerio lineata) foraging - S. England; M. Linton; K. Pete; J. Blake (1973)

Thermoregulation in the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) - S. England (1973)

Foraging behavior and division of resources by Celerio lineata - J. Blake (1973)

The effect of a snow drift on temperature and plant growth - J. Steffen (1973)

Mirror-image stimulation applied to field behavior studies - G. E. Svendsen; Kenneth B. Armitage (Ecology, 1973)

Hypothermia of broadtailed hummingbirds during incubation in nature with ecological correlations - W. A. Calder; J. Booser (Science, 1973)
The first continuous recordings of natural hypothermia, and the only evidences of hypothermia during incubation, were obtained from temperature sensors embedded in synthetic hummingbird eggs placed in the nests. Resorting to this energy-conserving process was infrequent and could be correlated with reduced opportunity for energy intake.

Polymorphism in Aquilegia caerula - J. Blake (1973)

Bee mimicry patterns - J. Blake (1973)

The thermal ecology of some Colias butterfly larvae - P. W. Sherman; W. B. Watt (Journal of Comparative Physiology, 1973)

Behavioral and environmental factors in the spatial distribution and population dynamics of a yellow-bellied marmot population - G. E. Svendsen (1973)

A new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) from the Plains of the central United States / - John S. Mecham (1973)
Sufficient evidence has accumulated over the last six years to show that the leopard frogs (Rana pipiens, sensu lato) of North America actually include several forms that merit recognition as distinct species.Littlejohn and Oldham (1968) showed that four essentially allopatric forms, recognizable on the basis of mating call structure and morphology of adult males, occur in the central United States.These were referred to informally as the northern, western, eastern, and southern call types.Narrow zones of sympatry were located be tween western and eastern, western and southern, and between eastern and southern call types in Texas.The zone of overlap between west ern and southern call types was found to be about 16 kilometers wide in north-central Texas, and that between southern and eastern call types was estimated to be about eight kilometers wide in central Texas.Also, Post and Pettus (1967) found an overlap zone only eight kilometers wide between so-called CF (continuous dorsolateral folds) and DF (displaced dorsolateral folds) complexes (corresponding to the northern and western call types, respectively) in Colorado, and Flury (1972) collected both northern and western call types together in northern Nebraska.Brown and Brown (1972) found the western call type in sympatry with both eastern and northern call types in Illinois, and overlap between western and southern call types in Texas has been confirmed by Purcell (1968), Mecham (1969), Cuellar (1971), and Platz (1972).Platz (1972) found the overlap zone between west-

Substrate preference by benthic organisms - J. Steffen (1973)

Zapus come home! - H. B. Murray (1973)

Frequency distribution and linkage disequilibrium of active and null esterase isozymes in natural populations of Drosophila montana - R. M. Roberts; W. K. Baker (American Naturalist, 1973)
The mode of inheritance of the 15 electrophoretically different α-naphthyl acetate-specific esterases found in five population samples of Drosophila montana collected near Gothic, Colorado, was delineated by mating a strain which exhibited no esterase activity to 237 wild-caught flies, and analyzing the progeny. This analysis showed that the α-esterases conform to a four-locus model with a high frequency of a null allele at each locus. Over 90% of the flies had an active esterase produced at only three or four of the possible eight loci; 75% of the chromosomes had two active alleles, presumably the optimum number. Extremely similar frequency distributions of the common allozymes were observed in all populations studied and over 3 years. From this analysis the frequencies of chromosomes of different allozyme types could be calculated. From these chromosome frequencies the probability of an active or a null allele at each locus was calculated. This, in turn, allowed determination of whether the presence of an active or null allele at one locus was independent of the activity at another locus. Analysis indicates extreme linkage disequilibrium between the lumped active and null alleles of loci 1 and 2, and between loci 3 and 4, the nature of the disequilibrium being the presence of an excess of chromosomes with an active allele at either locus 1 or 2 and an active allele at either locus 3 or 4. It is postulated that loci 1 and 2 specify one essential esterase (Ex) and loci 3 and 4 another (Ey). A crossover study showed that the four loci were located within a total distance of less than 1 centimorgan, and that their linear order was 1, 3, 2, 4. Linkage disequilibrium occurred between alleles of all pairs of loci except between alleles of the outer pairs (1-3 and 2-4), which were in linkage equilibrium. The polymorphism observed between active and null esterase alleles appears to be the result of two selective balancing forces: a chromosome with only two of the four loci active has a selective advantage; there is an advantage to a chromosome which produces both essential esterases, one produced by locus 1 or 2 and the other by locus 3 or 4. It is postulated that the four loci are evolutionarily related through a process of duplication of the original locus, then divergence in activity, followed by a tandem duplication of the previous duplication, to give the present genetic constitution 1Ex 3Ey 2Ex 4Ey.

Specificity of pollinators in mountain meadows - L. Raczek; K. Pete; S. England; M. DeLorenzo (1973)

Distribution of a crucifer population - A. Schmitt (1973)

Adaptive significance of pigment polymorphism in Colias butterflies. III. Progress in study of the "alba" variant - W. B. Watt (Evolution, 1973)

Individual field problem: cowbirds - J. Grula (1973)

Site development for Big Meadow Lake, Mineral County, Colorado - Gary Law (ThinkTech (Texas Tech University), 1973)
Mean monthly maximum temperature (F.

Hummingbird time-energy budget - M. DeLorenzo (1973)

Attempts at establishing phenotypic differences in the populations of aspen (Populus tremuloides) at RMBL - J. Blake (1973)

Lichen succession - S. England (1973)

Monument plant - M. Linton (1973)

Color variance among flowers in a mountain meadow - L. Raczek (1973)

Blooming seasons of dandelions - K. Pete (1973)

Bird fauna of the vicinity of the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory - V. Keeler-Wolf; V. Keeler-Wolf; W. A. Calder (Colorado Field Ornithologist, 1973)

The Timing of maternal behavior of the broad-tailed hummingbird preceding nest failure - W. A. Calder (Wilson Bulletin, 1973)

The effect of an influx of new species on the diversity of protozoan communities - J. Cairns; W. H. Yongue (Revista de Biologia, 1973)

Violet-green and tree swallow nesting study - J. Steffen; J. Grula (1973)

An estimate of the heat balance of a nesting hummingbird in a chilling climate - W. A. Calder (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1973)
Air, nest and body surface temperatures, air velocity, and hemispherical radiation data were used with published values for evaporation and metabolism to estimate the total heat loss of the incubating female when air temperatures were 0–4·6°C.

Patterns of variation in populations of the pika, Ochotona princeps - A. Wisely (1973)

Specificity of pollinating butterflies - A. Schmitt (1973)

Effect of altitude on Frasera speciosa populations - A. Schmitt (1973)

Benthic organism diversity - J. Steffen (1973)

Succession by conifers in aspen forests - A. Schmitt (1973)

Relationship between ants and Helianthella - L. Raczek; J. Steffen (1973)

Nitrogenous compound content in the nectar of six common Rocky Mountain wildflowers - J. Grula (1973)

Mortality in a population of Daphnia rosea - S. I. Dodson (Ecology, 1972)
A Daphnia rosea population was observed over a 2—year period in order to compare mortality with natural predation pressure. A technique is presented for estimating the instantaneous death rate of Daphnia from population dynamics data as derived from quantitative, serial, plankton samples. The effect of predation by a specific predator (Chaoborus larvae) on daphniid mortality is shown by the comparison between (1) the number of daphniid deaths and number of predator—prey encounters (per unit time and volume), (2) the probability of daphniid deaths and the relative probability of a Daphnia encountering a predator, and (3) the Chaoborus feeding rate implied by the daphniid mortality and independently observed Chaoborus feeding rates. The Daphnia population had six generations per year. For the last four generations, Chaoborus predation accounted for about 93% of the daphniid mortality. Daphnia mortality due to salamander larvae (Ambystoma tigrinum) averaged 3.5%, never more than 10%, that of Chaoborus larvae. These results support the hypothesis that Chaoborus larvae are significant predators of the D. rosea population, and that the rate of the Daphnia population's growth is significantly influenced by predation pressure.

The importance of color and form in insect pollination in the Delphinium barbeyi and Acotinum columbianum - R. E. Pugh (1972)

An analysis of morphological and vocal geographic variation in North American pine grosbeaks (Pinicola enucleator) - C. S. Adkisson (1972)

Taxonomy of Lupinus caespitosus - B. J. Cox (Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science, 1972)

A study of flora along the vertical gradient of Avery Mountain with special emphasis on the identification of ubiquitous species on the west-facing slope - K. Waldron (1972)

Ecology of Three High-altitude Corixids in Western Colorado - V. E. Dodson (1972)

Weather and the "regulation" of subalpine populations - P. R. Ehrlich; D. E. Breedlove; Peter F. Brussard; M. A. Sharp (Ecology, 1972)
Unusual spring weather climaxed by a late June snowstorm in the subalpine area around Gothic, Gunnison County, Colorado, had a profound effect on the biota. Damage to herbaceous prennial plans was extensive and the size of insect and small mammal populations was depressed. The storm caused the extinction of at least one butterfly population. The significance of these events to arguments concerning the regulation of animal population is discussed.

Energy dynamics of the yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris): a hibernator - D. L. Kilgore (1972)

Horizontal distribution - R. B. Anderson (1972)

Some quantitative aspects of the behavior of marmots - S. E. Travis; Kenneth B. Armitage (Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 1972)

The golden section and spiral leaf arrangement - E. G. Leigh (Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1972)

Distribution of plants in a wet alpine meadow near Copper Lake - G. Patterson (1972)

Precambrian geology of the northern Sangre De Cristo Range, Chaffee, Fremont, and Saguache counties, Colorado - David E. Normand (ThinkTech (Texas Tech University), 1972)
Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks, Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, and Tertiary igneous and sedimentary rocks crop out in the northern Sangre de Cristo Range. Miocene (?) age normal faults, Late Cretaceous or Early Tertiary thrust faults, and Paleozoic (?) reverse faults have displaced Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks. The complex structural relationships between the Sangre de Cristo, Sawatch, and Mosquito Ranges are interpreted as typical basin-and-range block faulting.
\n
\nPrecambrian rocks consisting of foliated and nonfoliated metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks crop out over approximately 98 square miles. Metasedimentary rocks are subdivided into mappable units of migmatitic gneiss, porphyroblastic gneiss, granitic gneiss, and quartzite.
\n
\nRb-Sr age dates record thermal events at 1.7 b. y. and between 1.3 and 1.2 b. y. ago. Field mapping and metamorphic textures suggest three regional thermal events and six periods of igneous activity during Precambrian time. The earliest recognized thermal event is recorded in statically recrystallized minerals of upper amphibolite facies. The second thermal event produced synkinematically recrystallized minerals characteristic of lower amphibolite facies. The latest thermal event is recorded by upper amphibolite facies minerals which have recrystallized statically. The earliest thermal event is not recognized in the quartzite unit.
\n
\nMetasediments dip north and northeast. Correlation of metasedimentary units with similar metasedimentary rock in an adjacent area to the north corroborates the presence of an east-plunging synform.
\n
\nMineral composition, bedding character, and primary structures suggest that the original sediments were largely arkosic sands, calcareous or dolomitic shales, thin limestones, and well-sorted quartzitic sands. An unstable continental shelf environment is inferred

Drought resistance in subalpine nymphs of Somatochlora semicircularis Selys (Odonata: Corduliidae) - R. L. Willey; H. E. Eiler (American Midland Naturalist, 1972)
Ruth L. Willey, Harold O. Eiler, Drought Resistance in Subalpine Nymphs of Somatochlora semicircularis Selys (Odonata: Corduliidae), The American Midland Naturalist, Vol. 87, No. 1 (Jan., 1972), pp. 215-221

The annual cycle and fat storage in two populations of golden-mantled ground squirrels - B. H. Blake (Journal of Mammalogy, 1972)
Journal Article The Annual Cycle and Fat Storage in Two Populations of Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrels Get access Barbara Hibbs Blake Barbara Hibbs Blake Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 53, Issue 1, 24 March 1972, Pages 157–167, https://doi.org/10.2307/1378836 Published: 24 March 1972 Article history Accepted: 15 July 1971 Published: 24 March 1972

Blooming patterns of Linum lewisii - K. Donovan (1972)

The effects of grazing on a pasture near Gothic, Colorado - G. D'Arpa (1972)

The damselfly hindgut (Odonata) as a host organ for the euglenoid Colacium - R. L. Willey (Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 1972)

The phenology and ecology of a west-facing meadow - H. Young (1972)

Piracy of nesting materials from and by the broadtailed hummingbird - W. A. Calder (Condor, 1972)
In the course of nesting microclimatic studies of the Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selusphorus platycercus), I observed three cases of intra-or interspecific piracy of nesting materials. These observations were made in the vicinity of the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, Gunnison County, Colorado, at an elevation of 2920 m, where this is apparently the only breeding trochilid.

Effects of size-selective predation and food competition on high altitude zooplankton communities - W. G. Sprules (Ecology, 1972)
Two distinct communities exist in a series of small subalpine ponds on Galena Mountain, Colorado, at 3,400 m. In the deep ponds, two predators, the culicid larva Chaoborus and the axolotl Ambystoma tigrinum, coexist with two small herbivores, the copepod Diaptomus coloradensis and the cladoceran Daphnia rosea. In the shallow ponds the predatory salamander (Ambystoma tigirinum) coexists with three large herbivores, Daphnia pulex, Diaptomus shoshone (which may be predatory as an adult), and the fairy shrimp, Branchinecta shantzi, as well as the small Diaptomus coloradensis. Despite the proximity of deep and shallow ponds, each community has remained resistant to invasion from the other for at least 5 years. To determine why, I recorded the survival of organisms placed in cages in foreign ponds alone and in combination with the native species. Results revealed that chemical or physical conditions were limiting only for Daphnia pulex, which did not survive well in deep ponds. The large Diaptomus shoshone and Daphnia pulex could not invade deep ponds probably because they were heavily preyed upon by Chaoborus and the axolotl, respectively. This occurred in the presence of small prey, since laboratory experiments showed that predators selected large food items. Branchinecta shantzi was restricted by axolotl predation as well. Light predation pressures in shallow ponds were unimportant. Results suggest that Daphnia rosea could not invade shallow ponds because the larger native cladoceran D. pulex outcompeted it for food. Diaptomus coloradensis survives in shallow ponds because it avoids competition with its larger congenitor D. shoshone. Only the deep ponds are suitable for the aquatic Chaoborus larvae and axolotl since shallow ponds freeze completely each winter and periodically dry up during the summer.

IOBP chromosome number reports XXXVIII - B. J. Cox (Taxon, 1972)

Juvenile boreal owl in Gunnison County, Colorado - W. A. Calder (Colorado Field Ornithologist, 1972)

Vegetation zones in a large kettle pond near Gothic, Colorado - V. Keeler-Wolf; V. Keeler-Wolf (1972)

Undescribed genera and species of Harpellales (Trichomycetes) from the guts of aquatic insects - R. W. Lichtwardt (Mycologica, 1972)
SUMMARYEight new species of the fungal order Harpellales from the United States are described, including three new monotypic genera (Genistellospora, Trichozygospora, and Simuliomyces). Three species are from black-fly larvae (Genistellospora homothallica, Simuliomyces microsporus, Pennella angustispora), four are from midge larvae (Trichozygospora chironomidarum, Smittium elongatum, Stachylina grandispora, S. chironomidarum), and one occurs in mayfly nymphs (Glotzia ephemeridarum). Five of the species produce zygospores. Several species are common and widespread, and may share their gut habitat with other Trichomycetes.

Absolute Pollen Diagram of Redrock Lake, Boulder County, Colorado - Louis J. Maher (Quaternary Research, 1972)
Redrock Lake is situated at 3,095 m in the subalpine zone on the east flank of the Front Range, Boulder County, Colorado. The lake lies on Pinedale moraine, and it contains 170 cm of organic sediments that overlie 10 cm of silty clay. The oldest of seven 14C dates from the organic sediment is 9,490 ± 150 yr B.P., a minimum estimate of the time since Middle Pinedale ice receded from the lake basin.A percentage pollen diagram and an absolute pollen diagram providing pollen deposition rates in grains/cm2/14C yr are compared and contrasted. Possible measurement errors are considered in detail, and for the first time confidence limits are assigned to all pollen data. A means of converting 14C years to calendar years is presented, and its effect on the diagram's deposition rates is discussed.The silty clay contains a peculiar Artemisia-dominated pollen assemblage with very low pollen influx rates, which suggests the lake was receiving large volumes of glacial meltwater during its early history. The overlying organic sediments are characterized by pollen deposition rates of 4,000–6,000 grains/cm2/yr. With fluctuations, deposition rates of Pinus and total anemophilous pollen increase upward in the core; this evidence for a general upward shift in the region's vegetation zones during Postglacial time is supported by pollen trends from modern surface samples.

Magnetic investigation in the vicinity of Derby, Adams County, Colorado, U.S.A. - Luis Del Castillo (Geofísica Internacional, 1972)
Durante el verano y otoño de 1967, se realizaron levantamientos magnéticos de intensidad vertical en dos áreas adyacentes al pozo Rocky Mountain Arsenal Num. 1, localizado al NE de la ciudad de Denver, Condado de Adams, en el Estado de Colorado. Se dio a estos levantamientos el nombre de Arca Manila y Area Eastlake, las cuales están cubiertas con aluvión; la edad de las rocas subyacentes varia del Precámbrico al Cenozoico y se piensa que el basamento cubierto por dichas rocas está constituido por rocas metamórficas completamente plegadas y falladas. La profundidad de las rocas basales, inferida por la columna estatigráfica del Pozo Arsenal No. 1 fue tomada como base para la evaluación cuantitativa de las anomalías magnéticas en ambas áreas cuya interpretación se dificultó por la falta de información de subsuelo y por la variación de propiedades magnéticas de las rocas basales.No existe evidencia de grandes desplazamientos debidos a fallas verticales en las dos áreas, luego la única posibilidad de fallas en el área de Eastlake que pudiesen producir temblores son las de resbalamiento a rumbo de inclinación acompañadas por pequeños desplazamientos verticales. La amplitud de las anomalías tanto observadas como calculadas en este estudio es concordante para una profundidad del basamento de orden de 3,510 a 3,960 m. La interpretación obtenida en el Area Manila pudiera ser objetada, pero la tendencia de las anomalías magnéticas terrestres encontradas concuerda con las del levantamiento aeromagnético.El cambio de gradiente magnético en el área de Eastlake probablemente se debe a un contraste de susceptibilidad magnética de 1,350 x 10-6 cgs entre un bloque de 6,436 m de roca alterada por esfuerzos tectónicos y un gneiss anfibolitico. Este contacto podría representar la extensión oriental de las formaciones con rumbo este-oeste que afloran en las montañas Front Range hacia el oeste. Las causas de las anomalías magnéticas en la Cuenca Denver son variadas, por lo que no es posible extrapolar los resultados obtenidos a otras áreas dentro de la misma cuenca.

Predation on marmots - Rachel Powell (1972)

Initial partial cutting in old-growth spruce-fir / - Robert R. Alexander; Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, Colo.) (1972)
Interim guidelines are provided to aid the forest manager in developing alternatives to clearcutting in old-growth spruce-fir forests in Colorado and southern Wyoming. Included are partial cutting practices for different stand conditions and windfall and insect susceptibility that should maintain continuous high forest cover needed to preserve the forest landscape in recreation areas, travel influence zones, and scenic view areas. These partial cutting practices may also be used in combination with small cleared openings to create the form, structure, and arrangement of stands that appear desirable for increased water yields and improvement of wildlife habitat, and to integrate timber production with other key uses.

A study of the flora of a sub-alpine meadow near Gothic - C. Klingsmith (1972)

Physiological ecology of a subalpine dragonfly nymph - H. E. Eiler (1972)

Coevolution: patterns of legume predation by a lycaenid butterfly - D. E. Breedlove; P. R. Ehrlich (Oecologia, 1972)
Perennial legumes in Gunnison County, Colorado suffer heavy differential flower predation by larvae of a lycaenid butterfly, and seem in turn to be an important factor in the evolution and distribution of the various legume species.

The yellow-bellied marmot and the evolution of polygamy - J. F. Downhower; Kenneth B. Armitage (American Naturalist, 1971)
We have elaborated a model describing the development of polygynous mating systems. The bases of the model are measures of fertility and survival of adult females and their offspring, respectively, as functions of increasing harem size. Our data indicate that an adult female makes her greatest contribution to the next generation (is most fit) when she is monogamous. A second curve describing the fitness of the harem master with increasing harem size indicates that he is maximally fit when he maintains a harem of two or three females. Consideration of the optimal mating system for each sex leads to predictions concerning the types of behavior that would allow each sex to realize its optimal mating system. Females should react aggressively toward other females and solicit the attentions of the male. The aggressive behavior of the female should be linked with her reproductive state. Pregnant females will be more aggressive than nonpregnant females. The male, on the other hand, should actively recruit females and act to pacify interactions between females. These expectations are realized in marmots and a number of avian species. The reproductive success of females in the Gothic area is affected by the availability of food during gestation. When the growing season is early, more young are produced. In those years, however, the mean harem size is smaller, apparently due to increased aggression among adult females. The different reproductive strategies of males and females, and the influence of food availability on those strategies, lead to the prediction that bigamous matings should be the commonest mating type. This prediction is verified by our field data. It should be noted that bigamy is disadvantageous, relatively, to both males and females. A general formulation of optimal harem size based on the fitness of a male and the females in his harem is given. Large harems are expected to be variable and aggression among females should be reduced. Observations on pinnipeds support these predictions. Small harems would appear to be more stable. Consequently, behavior that would lead to pair formation and maintenance are expected. Pair-bonding in monogamous species of birds is in keeping with this prediction. When the optimal harem size is small, transient perturbations have effects opposite to those expected on a long-term basis. The effect of food abundance on marmots at Gothic is a decrease in mean harem size.

Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado - Edwin Roedder (Economic Geology, 1971)
Data are given on the composition, temperature, pressure, and density of the hydrothermal fluids present in the central Cu-Mo core of the deposit at Bingham, Utah, and in its related but not necessarily coeval peripheral Pb-Zn deposits. These data are based on a study of primary and secondary fluid inclusions in transparent ore and gangue minerals that included the use of freezing, heating, and crushing microscope stages.The composition of the hydrothermal fluids at various stages in the mineralization and repeated later fracturing and rehealing ranged from nearly fresh water to water containing more than 60 weight percent salts in solution--virtually a hydrous saline melt--in some quartz-molybdenite-chalcopyrite veins from the core. Most of these salts have crystallized out as daughter minerals on cooling, forming major amounts of halite and sylvite and minor amounts of anhydrite (?), hematite (?) and several unidentified phases. These highly saline fluids occur only in the core. Some of them have apparently boiled, forming bubbles of a relatively low density CO 2 -rich steam containing only a few percent NaCl. These low-density fluids have also been trapped as inclusions. The fluids that formed the peripheral deposits had low salinities, and some of these also have apparently boiled. A few were very high in hydrogen sulfide.Inclusions from a quartz pod and in the quartz-molybdenite-chalcopyrite veins from the core yield the highest temperatures, 640 degrees -725 degrees C; most inclusions from the core homogenize at temperatures above 400 degrees C. Samples from the peripheral deposits were uniformly lower, in the range 294 degrees -330 degrees C.The abundant evidence of intermittent boiling of these solutions is important because it places limits on the pressure at the time of trapping, it results in there being little or no need for a pressure correction to the homogenization temperatures, and it indicates that the pressure has varied with time. Although some of the homogenization temperatures are very high, the high salinity causes the vapor pressures at homogenization to be relatively low, from about 80 to a maximum of about 1,100 atmospheres.The density of the hydrothermal fluids is of great concern in any consideration of flow patterns, and particularly in the inevitable mixing with possibly heated ground waters. Steam inclusions from the core had gross densities of 0.3 to 0.1 g.cm (super -3) , but many of the highly saline inclusions in the core contain fluids whose density at trapping was as high as 1.3 g.cm (super -3) . The fluids trapped in inclusions in the peripheral deposits had densities of 0.75-0.95 g.cm (super -3) , well below that of the surrounding cold ground water. Hydraulic pressure gradients from these density differences, and the vapor pressures involved, must also have varied with time in any given location, particularly when boiling occurred, and thus the circulation patterns could have been very complex. The more highly saline fluids are believed to be of truly magmatic origin, and not merely heated ground water from the area at the time of the intrusion.The great abundance throughout the core of planes of secondary inclusions in which individual planes are uniform but adjacent planes have widely varying composition, density, and homogenization temperature, is evidence of thorough and repeated fracturing of these rocks under hydrothermal conditions.Inclusions were also examined in some samples from Butte, Montana, Climax, Colorado, and several Arizona porphyry copper deposits. The ranges of temperature, composition, and density found were similar but smaller than at Bingham. This might be simply a result of insufficient sampling.

The Structure and Function of Freshwater Microbial Communities - J. Cairns (1971)

The diet of Ambystoma tigrinum larvae from western Colorado - S. I. Dodson; S. I. Dodson (Copeia, 1971)
A. tigrinum larvae from two ponds in the Elk Mountains of western Colorado were found to eat a wide variety of foods, including a total of 42 classes, mostly of various littoral, benthic, and planktonic arthropods. Most common animals (between 0.5 and 20 mm in length) in these ponds were eaten in proportion to their abundance. Chaoborus pupae and large zooplankton were sought out. Adult beetles, notonectids, caddis fly larvae, Diaptomus coloradensis, and sponges were rarely or never eaten. Large food items were preferred during most of the larval stage. Cannibalism was very insignificant in these two populations. Zooplankton was found to be a large component of the diet. The smallest larvae (less than 2 cm long) ate little besides zooplankton. Larger larvae continued to eat zooplankters, as well as large numbers of amphipods, mollusks, and insect larvae. Larvae about to transform did not eat. Salamander larvae placed in a pond with fairy shrimp and voraciously.

Island in the Rockies: The History of Grand County, Colorado, to 1930 - Maxine Benson; Robert C. Black (The Western Historical Quarterly, 1971)
Island in the Rockies: The History of Grand County, Colorado, to 1930 Get access Island in the Rockies: The History of Grand County, Colorado, to 1930. By Black Robert G.III. (Boulder, Colorado: Pruett Press, 1969. 435 p. Illustrations, maps, photographs, bibliography, index. $10.00.) Maxine Benson Maxine Benson State Historical Society of Colorado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 1971, Pages 79–80, https://doi.org/10.2307/967692 Published: 01 January 1971

Barriers to gene flow in natural populations of grasshoppers. II. Maintenance of narrow hybrid-zones between morphs of Arphia conspersa on Black Mesa, Colorado - R. L. Willey (Psyche, 1971)

Field techniques for investigations of population structure in a "ubiquitous" butterfly - Peter F. Brussard (Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 1971)

The Thermal Ecology of the Larvae fo Colias Butterflies - P. W. Sherman (1971)

Mosquitoes of the gunnison river drainage, colorado; emphasis: ohio creek valley - J. R. Bowen (1971)

A study of the autecology of Equisetum arvense in the Gothic area - C. Nichols (1971)

A study of distribution and succession of bryophyta and lichen in a specific microhabitat - L. J. McGalliard (1971)

Key to the Ranunculaceae (Buttercup) family in the Gunnison Basin - C. Gault (1971)

A study of the saxicolous lichen communities atop Gothic Mountain, Colorado - M. V. Danilchik (1971)

Sequence of avian daybreak song in the Gothic area - E. Steiker; P. Gaffney (1971)

The habitat of Wilson's warbler, Wilsonia pusilla - F. D. Panetta (1971)

Bottom fauna of Avery Creek - S. T. Lowe; R. M. Cushman (1971)

Floral succession in a spruce-fir forest - R. Head (1971)

Niche separation in a colony of marmots, ground squirrels, and chipmunks - A. L. Dannenberg (1971)

The meadow midst the aspens (Populus tremuloides Michaux.) - P. Brouse (1971)

The behavioural ecology of desert grasshoppers. II. Communication in Trimerotropis agrestis - R. L. Willey (Animal Behaviour, 1971)
Cricket courtship and male-to-male signals which prevent ipse-sexual courtship are described and illustrated audiospectrographically in Trimerotropis agrestis gracewileyae Tinkham.

Blood group complexity: the Pm locus in Peromyscus maniculatus - E. Savage; D. G. Cameron (Animal Blood Groups and Biochemical Genetics, 1971)

Aspen-grassland ecotone near Gothic, Colorado. I. The study of succession using permanent quadrats. II. Environmental factors in aspen sprout survival - K. W. Zahl (1971)

Adaptive coloration in the grasshopper Arphia conspersa - W. E. Schennum (1971)

Ecology of the fairy shrimp Branchinecta coloradensis Packard (Crustacea: Anostraca) related to its distribution in an alpine habitat - P. L. Nelson (1971)

A behavioral study of Gerris gillettei - D. Messenger (1971)

Variations in the life history of tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) populations near Gothic, Colorado - L. A. Maguire (1971)

A study of a south-facing meadow in the Gothic area - T. E. L. Odlaug (1971)

Adaptations in Mertensia bakerii to alpine habitat - M. Merwin (1971)

Climatic variability in the Gothic area based upon tree ring analysis - G. Lowman (1971)

Niche differentiation in the golden mantel ground squirrel, Citellus lateralis and the least chipmunk, Eutamias minimus, as found in the area of Gothic, Colorado - J. E. Kuntz (1971)

A study of the phenology and microhabitat selection of flowering plants along the East River in Gothic, Colorado - J. Levy (1971)

A faunal survey of two trapping sites - P. Gaffney (1971)

A study of the Veratrum californicum communities on the eastern slope of Gothic Mountain - L. Clement (1971)

A study of diatom diversity in Avery Creek - J. Booser (1971)

A study of the alpine willows Salix nivalis and Salix artica - K. Ainsworth (1971)

Field study of the American water dipper Cinclus mexicanus unicolor - C. Barnett (1971)

The influence of predation on the adult sex ratios of two copepod species - E. J. Maly (Limnology and Oceanography, 1970)

Population distribution of Somatochlora semicircularis nymphs within a pond - D. W. DeHuff (1970)

Stimulation of territorial aggression in the dipper; Age determination of the nestling dipper - E. Dixon (1970)

A comparison of two ponds at Mexican Cut - L. Lippman (1970)

A comparative vegetational study of two kettle ponds in the Gothic area - Richard L. Reynolds (1970)

Succession in pond C of the Kettle Ponds, Gothic, Colorado - S. Wynne (1970)

The effect of predation on the community structure of fresh-water zooplankton - S. I. Dodson (1970)

Using the water-trap method to sample several habitats in the Gothic area in order to determine the relative abundances of insect families - Richard L. Reynolds (1970)

Conundrum meadow - D. Ditto (1970)

A study of interactions within a marmot family - P. Coffin (1970)

Habitat preference and observations of red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) and associated small mammals in Colorado - C. S. Thomforde (1970)

A contrast of the vascular vegetation found in an old sagebrush community and a new one - Watson Smith (1970)

Part I: The Wolfcampian Joyita uplift in central New Mexico: Part II: Fusulinids of the Joyita Hills, Socorro County, central New Mexico - Frank Ε. Kottlowski; Wendell J. Stewart (1970)
The present-day Joyita Hills (Los Cañoncitos) is a complex which, adjacent to the hills, gradationally overlie Bursum Cenozoic horst on the east side of the Rio Grande graben in purplish-green shales and limestones. north-central Socorro County, New Mexico. Previous reports Joyita Hills area, lying east of the Lucero basin and south- postulated a nearby uplift during late Desmoinesian, Mis- west of the Estancia basin, was a submarine platform with sourian, and Virgilian time coextensive with the Peñasco or small, low islands during Atokan and Desmoinesian time, as southern Uncompahgre landmass. attested by black Atokan shales and Desmoinesian arkosic limestone-pebble conglomerate. The thinness of remnant Recently (1963) Missourian fusulinids were identified from upper Pennsylvanian strata is believed due mainly to erosion upper Pennsylvanian limestones in the Joyita Hills. Early during early Wolfcampian time, not owing to erosion during Wolfcampian Bursum-facies arkosic limestone-conglomerates, late Desmoinesian, Missourian, or early Virgilian times. derived from Pennsylvanian limestones and Precambrian As the early Wolfcampian Bursum facies, bearing a granite gneiss of southern Joyita Hills area, unconformably Schwagerina and Triticites fauna, is unconformably on Virgilian truncate southwestward, in order, Missourian, Desmoinesian, beds in many parts of central New Mexico, the Joyita uplift Atokan, and Precambrian rocks. In southern Joyita Hills, is a documented key to this late Virgilian and early Bursum strata abut against remnant hills of Precambrian Wolfcampian episode of erosion and of accompanying de- granite gneiss. These hills were buried by basal Abo red beds position of elastic strata.

Study of a mounds-grassland on Black Mesa, Colorado - W. R. Jacobowski (1970)

Comparison of vegetation on granodiorite and limestone outcrops on similarly facing slopes near south bank of Judd's Falls - L. A. Herbst (1970)

A report on aspen ecotones - S. P. Bratton (1970)

Biosystematics and Phytogeography of the Erigeron simplex complex - S. Spongberg (1970)

The behavior of isolates of the species Marmota flaviventris - K. Wallens (1970)

Use of dipper nest by mountain bluebirds - W. A. Calder (Condor, 1970)

Effect of high altitudes on mitochondrial structure-function - J. Greenawalt (1970)

Experiments with soils - S. P. Bratton (1970)

Some observations on populations of the copepod Diaptomus shoshone in some alpine ponds in Colorado - S. Beer (1970)