Concepts

Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte white blood cell counts used as a measure of immune response activity

Scaled measure of how population growth rate responds to changes in environmental drivers

The average number of offspring produced by a typical individual during its life, calculated as the product of offspring number and survival probability

The likelihood that an individual survives from one time period to the next

The age at which females first reproduce, an important component of vertebrate life histories with effects on individual fitness and population dynamics

Ability of organisms to compensate for poor early-life conditions through increased feeding or altered resource allocation later in life

Fitness benefits that include both direct fitness (individual's own reproductive success) and indirect fitness (fitness gained by helping relatives reproduce), weighted by coefficient of relatedness

Hypothesis that highly aroused animals produce nonlinear vocalizations because they lose control of their larynx over vocal fold production apparatus

The degree to which an individual is integrated in their group based on the number of independent links to others in the group

Plasticity that occurs across generations where parental environmental effects influence offspring phenotype or fitness

Communication through sound production that requires receivers to detect and discern between distinct acoustic signals

Individual's reaction to a non-novel, risky situation

Nature-based tourism activities that can provide conservation benefits but may also impact wildlife behavior through human presence

Signals that meet criteria of stimulus-class specificity and contextual independence, where alarm calls are said to be functionally referential when there is tight association between predator type an...

Winter survival strategy of some small mammals that may affect their vulnerability to avalanche disturbance depending on burrow depth and emergence timing

A quantitative measure of uncertainty about an outcome of a draw from a probability distribution

Ecological research projects that follow individuals or systems over extended periods, often spanning decades

An aversion to novel stimuli, measured as latency to touch the puzzle box from stepping onto the platform

Behavioral and physiological mechanisms whereby group-living animals share body heat to reduce thermoregulatory costs

Attenuation and degradation of sound over distance due to atmospheric absorption, ground attenuation, signal scattering, and deflection by layered surfaces

Analysis of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios to determine trophic position and dietary composition

A method for calculating dominance based on an individual's relative number of wins or losses that is tolerant of missing pair-wise interactions and weights wins highly

Explains how acoustic signal structure is shaped by habitat-driven selection that enhances the propagation of relatively undegraded vocalizations

Measure of how noisy or random a sound is, with pure tones having entropy values approaching negative infinity

The distance between the anus and the genital papilla, used as a non-invasive measure of prenatal exposure to sex steroid hormones

Internal biological timing system that maintains rhythmicity in a wide range of behavioral, physiological, and metabolic processes

Hypothesis that populations may be buffered from adverse climatic effects when vital rates with high impacts on population growth exhibit the least temporal variability

Statistical technique used to classify observations into predefined groups based on multiple variables

Physiological and behavioral adaptations to minimize energy expenditure

Improvement in population fitness through the introduction of new genetic material

Changes in social behavior and group dynamics that result from variation in the number of individuals in a social group

Measure of the level of inbreeding within a population, with values close to 1.0 indicating high levels of inbreeding

Computational model that simulates individual organisms and their life histories to understand population-level patterns

The proportion of male versus female offspring in a litter affecting prenatal hormone exposure

Maximum running speed of an individual measured during chase trials

Pattern where male mammals tend to travel farther than females in exploratory excursions and disperse more than females

Proportional increase in body mass during the active growing season, calculated as August 15 body mass divided by June 1 body mass

Assumes that antipredator adaptations evolve together and thus prey may respond to extinct predators as long as they have experience with other predators.

An individual's development from egg to adult

The proportion of variance in a trait that is explained by individual identity, indicating consistency of individual differences over time and across situations

Distributed network of environmental sensors measuring diverse phenomena across watershed for understanding and predicting watershed behavior

Relative number of small mammals detected through camera trap monitoring expressed as activity indices

The hypothesis that the more an individual interacts with others, the less likely they are to disperse

The correlation between different demographic parameters (survival, reproduction, productivity) measured across the same time periods within a population

Situations where time spent on one activity reduces time available for other activities

Mortality from roadkill events where animals are struck and killed by vehicles