Concepts

The depth of water that would result from melting the snowpack, quantified as peak snow water equivalent and snow disappearance rate

Chemical composition of water occupying soil pore spaces, indicating mobility of dissolved constituents

October through September annual cycle used for water resource analysis

An approximation of non-water stressed evapotranspiration calculated using energy-only methods from net radiation estimates

Naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen (²H) and oxygen (¹⁸O) in water molecules used to trace water sources and movement through soil-plant systems

Distributions that provide fundamental insights on hydrological processes within watersheds by describing how long water spends underground

Speed of water flow in streams, affecting nutrient movement and algal composition

The amount of water stored in soil and subsurface compartments that responds dynamically to hydrological inputs and outputs

Parameters including recharge temperature, elevation, and excess-air conditions that control dissolved noble gas concentrations in groundwater

The difference between observed streamflow and expected or baseline streamflow, representing water shortage