Concepts

Physiological stress experienced by plants due to reduced water availability that can harm fitness by inducing leaf loss, reducing flower size, and decreasing seed production

Physiological shifts that allow plants to adjust their rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to compensate for changes in temperature

Vegetative reproduction producing genetically identical individuals, characteristic of quaking aspen forming cohesive clones with limited spatial interdigitation

Growth of new aspen trees through sexual reproduction (seeds) or asexual reproduction (suckering from root systems)

Influence of forest canopy openness on understory light availability and bee community composition

Ecological interactions between hoofed mammals and aspen trees including herbivory effects on tree health and forest composition