Concepts

Growth limitation of organisms due to insufficient availability of essential nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus

Excessive extracellular stalk production by individual cells that coalesce to form a continuous mat covering the stream bottom

The range of climate conditions that a species can tolerate, estimated from ecological niche models

Downstream movement of benthic invertebrates in flowing water either naturally or induced by disturbance

The emission of visible light by organisms following the absorption of shorter wavelengths of light

Low nutrient conditions that select for microorganisms adapted to low substrate availability

Male-first flowering phenology where flowers function first as males then as females

Mechanisms used by individuals to convey different cues to others, including color, vocal cues, body language, and biofluorescence

Degree of environmental stress affecting survival and reproduction, differing between elevational sites

The production of organic compounds by autotrophic organisms, measured here through chlorophyll-a concentration

Univoltine species which develop from overwintered eggs in pools formed by melting snow water