Concepts

When organisms dependent on synchronized milestones adapt to environmental changes at different rates, causing their reproductive, feeding, and/or migration patterns to become asynchronous

Number of days from autumn snow onset to spring snowmelt, providing temperature stabilization and protection for overwintering organisms

Temperature accumulation metric calculated using averaging method with base temperature, used to predict insect phenology and plant development

Direct damage to plant buds and flowers from freezing temperatures occurring during vulnerable developmental stages

Variation in rainfall patterns between years affecting plant growth and flower production