Concepts

A proxy for subsurface moisture conditions calculated as the log ratio between upslope contributing area and slope angle

Process where trees shift their root water uptake from topsoil towards subsoil to sustain transpiration rates when shallow soil moisture declines

Process by which melting snow penetrates soil and triggers changes in microbial activity and nutrient cycling

A theoretical framework relating long-term evapotranspiration to water availability and atmospheric evaporative demand

The systematic change in isotopic composition of precipitation with elevation due to progressive rainout and temperature effects

The number and extent of fractures in bedrock that control fluid flow and transport properties

Process of estimating or gap-filling missing entries in groundwater time series data

Physical and thermodynamic processes that alter snowpack isotopic composition after initial deposition, including sublimation, vapor exchange, and melt-freeze cycles

The degree to which a watershed can rebound after perturbations to predicted increases in climate variability

Physical processes that create fractures in subsurface bedrock, enabling geogenic elements to enter rivers and biogeochemical cycles

Phenomenon where distant seismic events can trigger local fracturing or seismic activity through propagating seismic waves