Mountain Snowpack, Water Flux, and Watershed Monitoring
Integrates intensive field campaigns, remote sensing, and sensor networks to understand snowpack dynamics, evapotranspiration, and surface energy fluxes across high-elevation Upper Colorado River Basin watersheds.
Knowledge Graph (740 nodes, 6580 connections)
Research Primer
Background
Mountain snowpack is the lifeblood of the western United States. In the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), which includes the East River watershed near Gothic, Colorado, snow that accumulates each winter melts in spring and early summer to supply roughly 40 million people downstream. Yet for decades, hydrologists have struggled with a stubborn mismatch: even when snowpack measurements look healthy, the streamflow that follows is often lower than expected. Understanding why requires tracking water through the full mountain system — from the clouds that deliver snowfall, through the snowpack on the ground, into soils and streams, and back to the atmosphere through evaporation and plant uptake. This neighborhood of research focuses on the observations, models, and monitoring networks that make such tracking possible.
A few key concepts thread through the findings below. Snow water equivalent (SWE) is the depth of water you would get if you melted the snowpack in place; it is the single most important number for forecasting summer water supply. Sublimation is the direct conversion of snow to water vapor without melting, and it can quietly remove a large share of winter snowfall before it ever reaches a stream. Surface albedo describes how much sunlight a surface reflects — fresh snow reflects most of it (around 0.8–0.9), while bare or dust-covered ground absorbs much more, accelerating melt. Cloud radiative forcing measures how clouds change the energy reaching the surface relative to clear skies, which depends strongly on whether the ground beneath is snowy or bare.
Researchers also rely on aerosols (tiny airborne particles that seed cloud droplets and ice crystals), eddy covariance (a method for measuring water and energy exchange between the surface and atmosphere using high-frequency wind and humidity sensors), and lidar (laser-based remote sensing that maps snow depth and forest structure). Together, these tools let scientists describe the complex terrain of the Gunnison Basin — the mountain ridges, valleys, and forests that make precipitation, wind, and snow distribution so spatially variable, and so hard to predict from coarse climate models.
Foundational work
Early skill assessments of operational water-supply forecasts in the Colorado River Basin established a baseline understanding of what monitoring could and could not predict. Forecast accuracy improves steadily through the snow season as more snowpack data accumulate, but middle-of-the-road runoff years remain stubbornly hard to predict, and forecast skill correlates very strongly with seasonal precipitation rather than basin elevation (Harrison & Bales, 2015). These results pointed to a clear need: better, denser, more vertically integrated observations of precipitation and snow across mountain landscapes.
That need motivated community-driven monitoring efforts in the Colorado headwaters. The Roaring Fork soil-moisture and weather network, built between 2012 and 2020 along an elevational gradient from 1,800 to 3,680 meters, demonstrated how locally rooted observation networks could provide the long-term, multi-variable records that mountain hydrology research and adaptation planning require (Osenga et al., 2021). Together, these foundational efforts framed the central scientific question driving the field today: where exactly does mountain water go between snowfall and streamflow?
Key findings
The most ambitious answer to that question has come from a pair of overlapping field campaigns in the East River watershed. The Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL), deployed from September 2021 to June 2023, brought a Department of Energy atmospheric observatory into complex mountain terrain to measure precipitation, clouds, winds, aerosols, radiation, and snowpack interactions simultaneously (Feldman et al., 2023). Alongside SAIL, NOAA's SPLASH campaign installed five surface observing sites plus airborne and remote sensors to track how mountain precipitation becomes streamflow (de Boer et al., 2023). Continuous surface energy and meteorological observations from SPLASH now provide a benchmark dataset for the seasonally snow-covered high-elevation watershed (Cox et al., 2025).
These campaigns have begun to quantify the missing water. A dedicated sublimation experiment with more than 100 instruments on four flux towers showed that sublimation can remove 10%–90% of snowfall, with blowing snow playing a major role and surface albedo strongly modulating energy balance (Lundquist et al., 2024). Forest structure also matters: airborne lidar combined with deep learning at Grand Mesa, Colorado revealed that complex, vertically arranged canopies intercept more snow and produce shallower snowpack beneath them (Hojatimalekshah et al., 2023). Mapping snow itself has improved dramatically — a convolutional neural network applied to PlanetScope satellite imagery, augmented with vegetation indices and elevation data, produces meter-scale snow-cover maps in forested terrain (John et al., 2022), while integrating ground-penetrating radar with airborne lidar at Grand Mesa now yields spatially distributed snow density and SWE with median uncertainty around 13% (Meehan et al., 2024).
Clouds and aerosols complete the picture. Over a 21-month record at high elevation in the UCRB, longwave warming from clouds dominates in winter (raising net surface radiation by up to +34.7 W/m²), but clouds switch to a strong cooling effect once snow recedes — a pattern that depends critically on surface albedo and suggests cloud effects will intensify as snow cover declines (Rudisill et al., 2025). Regional climate modeling at 1-km resolution over three decades shows reasonably low cool-season precipitation bias against SNOTEL stations but larger warm-season errors (Rudisill et al., 2023), and the choice of cloud microphysics scheme can shift watershed precipitation by a few percent overall and up to 15% locally (Rudisill et al., 2024). Aerosol observations across SAIL-Net's six measurement nodes have begun quantifying how variable cloud-seeding particles are across the mountain landscape (Gibson et al., 2025).
Current frontier
With 22 of the 23 publications in this neighborhood appearing since 2020, the field is in a moment of rapid expansion. Recent work is moving from describing what happens at single points toward characterizing spatial variability across the watershed. Studies are now probing the fine details of mountain weather: why thermally driven up-valley winds in the East River often reverse unexpectedly by midmorning during the warm season (Adler et al., 2025), how snow microphysical processes like riming and aggregation evolve inside orographic clouds (Kotsche et al., 2025), and how mechanical properties of the snowpack itself vary in space (Tedesche et al., 2025). Long-term measurements of ice-nucleating particles across global atmospheric observatories, including UCRB sites, are beginning to constrain how biological and dust aerosols influence snowfall (Creamean et al., 2025).
Methodologically, the frontier is increasingly defined by data fusion — combining radar, lidar, satellite imagery, and machine learning to extract quantities that no single instrument can measure. Ensemble learning approaches are now being used to predict cloud-seeding aerosol concentrations from optical properties (Wang et al., 2025), and harmonized multi-site aerosol datasets are enabling cross-site comparisons that were previously impossible (Andrews et al., 2025).
Open questions
Despite remarkable progress, several first-order questions remain. How much of the chronic mismatch between snowpack and streamflow in the Upper Colorado is explained by sublimation versus evapotranspiration versus subsurface storage, and how will those proportions shift as winters warm? How will the cloud–albedo relationship evolve as snow cover declines, and could a self-reinforcing feedback further reduce mountain water yield? Can fine-scale observations from campaigns like SAIL and SPLASH be translated into operational forecasts that improve the persistent skill gap for mid-flow years (Harrison & Bales, 2015)? And how transferable are findings from the East River watershed to other headwater basins with different forest cover, dust exposure, and storm tracks? Answering these questions will require sustaining the dense, multi-disciplinary observation networks that the past five years have established, while extending them across longer time spans and broader geographies.
References
Adler, B., et al. (2025). The short life of upvalley wind in a high-altitude valley in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. →
Andrews, E., et al. (2025). Harmonized aerosol size distribution, cloud condensation nuclei, chemistry and optical properties at 10 sites. Scientific Data. →
Cox, C., et al. (2025). Observations of surface energy fluxes and meteorology in the seasonally snow-covered high-elevation East River watershed during SPLASH, 2021–2023. Earth System Science Data. →
Creamean, J. M., et al. (2025). Long-term measurements of ice nucleating particles at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites worldwide. Earth System Science Data. →
de Boer, G., et al. (2023). Supporting advancement in weather and water prediction in the upper Colorado River Basin: The SPLASH campaign. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. →
Feldman, D. R., et al. (2023). The Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) Campaign. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. →
Gibson, E., et al. (2025). Measurement report: An investigation of the spatiotemporal variability in aerosols in the mountainous terrain of the upper Colorado River basin using SAIL-Net. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. →
Harrison, B., Bales, R. (2015). Skill Assessment of Water Supply Outlooks in the Colorado River Basin. Hydrology. →
Hojatimalekshah, A., et al. (2023). Lidar and deep learning reveal forest structural controls on snowpack. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. →
John, A., et al. (2022). High-Resolution Snow-Covered Area Mapping in Forested Mountain Ecosystems Using PlanetScope Imagery. Remote Sensing. →
Kotsche, L., et al. (2025). Investigating KDP signatures inside and below the dendritic growth layer with W-band Doppler radar and in situ snowfall camera. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. →
Lundquist, J. D., et al. (2024). Sublimation of Snow. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. →
Meehan, T., et al. (2024). Spatially distributed snow depth, bulk density, and snow water equivalent from ground-based and airborne sensor integration at Grand Mesa, Colorado, USA. The Cryosphere. →
Osenga, E., et al. (2021). A community-supported weather and soil moisture monitoring database of the Roaring Fork catchment of the Colorado River Headwaters. Hydrological Processes. →
Rudisill, W., et al. (2023). Evaluating 3 decades of precipitation in the Upper Colorado River basin from a high-resolution regional climate model. Geoscientific Model Development. →
Rudisill, W., et al. (2024). Cold-season precipitation sensitivity to microphysical parameterizations: hydrologic evaluations leveraging snow lidar datasets. Journal of Hydrometeorology. →
Rudisill, W., et al. (2025). Seasonality and albedo dependence of cloud radiative forcing in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. →
Tedesche, M., et al. (2025). How strong is Snow? Spatial correlations of snowpack load bearing capacity and micromechanics from NASA SnowEx SnowMicroPen Data at Grand Mesa, Colorado. Cold Regions Science and Technology. →
Wang, Y., et al. (2025). Interpretable ensemble learning unveils main aerosol optical properties in predicting cloud condensation nuclei number concentration. NPJ Climate and Atmospheric Science. →
Concept (126) →
snowpack persistence
Duration that snowpack remains on the ground providing water inputs to trees
leaf water content
Fresh weight minus dry weight divided by dry weight
evapotranspiration
The combined process of water evaporation from soil and plant surfaces and water transpiration from plant leaves, representing a major component of th...
precipitation
snow water equivalent
The depth of water that would result from melting the snowpack, quantified as peak snow water equivalent and snow disappearance rate
fractional snow cover area
Proportion of area covered by snow
environmental variability
Temporal variation in environmental conditions measured as standard deviation of temperature and vegetation indices
spatiotemporal variability
Variations in aerosol concentrations and properties across both spatial scales and temporal scales
radiative transfer modeling
Computational approach to calculate radiation fluxes through the atmosphere under specified atmospheric conditions
spectral reflectance
Light absorption and reflection properties of tissues that vary with chemical composition and structure
Show 116 more concepts
surface albedo
The fraction of solar radiation reflected by the surface, with snow-covered surfaces having high albedo (0.8) and snow-free surfaces having lower valu...
aerosol particle concentration
blowing snow
NDVI
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, derived from satellite imagery to estimate vegetation greenness and photosynthetic activity
sublimation
latitudinal gradient
particle size distribution
Statistical distribution describing the number concentration of particles as a function of their size
advective flow
atmospheric boundary layer
The lowest part of the atmosphere directly influenced by the Earth's surface
atmospheric reanalysis
aerosol-cloud interactions
The role of atmospheric aerosols in cloud formation and precipitation by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice-nucleating particles (INPs)
dust transport
uncertainty estimation
monsoon streamflow generation efficiency
The ratio of streamflow produced per unit of monsoon precipitation input compared to other seasonal water sources
potential evapotranspiration
An approximation of non-water stressed evapotranspiration calculated using energy-only methods from net radiation estimates
correlation coefficient
meadow moisture gradient
Variation in soil moisture conditions creating distinct dry and wet meadow habitat types
snow microphysics
Physical processes affecting snow particle formation, growth, and characteristics including aggregation, riming, sublimation, and fragmentation
forecast skill
The accuracy of predicted values using root mean square error to assess model performance
surface energy balance
The balance of vertical radiative, conductive, and turbulent energy transfer across the infinitely thin plane of the surface
vertical velocity
Cloud Radiative Forcing
The difference between net radiation flux at the surface under all-sky and clear-sky conditions, accounting for both downwelling and upwelling radiati...
spatial patterns
orographic turbulence
data synthesis
SWE
cloud base height
drought severity
Standardized measure of water deficit calculated using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) over 12-month periods
turbulent heat flux
Transfer of sensible and latent heat between surface and atmosphere via turbulent mixing
transpiration
The movement of water from the soil to the plant's stomata which is then released into the atmosphere, serving as an indicator of plant water status
cloud phase
Classification of cloud particles as liquid water droplets, ice crystals, or mixed phase
orographic turbulence
Atmospheric turbulence generated by airflow over mountainous terrain leading to enhanced mixing and modified precipitation processes
North American Monsoon
Seasonal precipitation system occurring July-September in the central Rocky Mountains bringing significant rainfall to Colorado River headwater basins
diel patterns
Daily activity patterns and rhythms in organism behavior
conductive heat flux
Heat transfer through soil via molecular conduction
turbulence
collection efficiency
cloud optical thickness
Measure of cloud opacity to solar radiation, related to cloud droplet concentration and size distribution
synoptic conditions
Large-scale atmospheric weather patterns that influence regional temperature and precipitation distributions
digital elevation model
Raster representation of terrain elevation used to derive topographic attributes like slope and aspect
model performance evaluation
Statistical assessment of how well model outputs match observational data using metrics like correlation and efficiency measures
radar reflectivity (Ze)
normalized difference snow index
Spectral band ratio that leverages the fact that snow reflectance is high in visible wavelengths and low in shortwave infrared wavelengths
eddy covariance
Methodology for measuring turbulent fluxes using high-frequency measurements of vertical wind velocity and scalar concentrations
feature importance
Measure of the relative contribution of each predictor variable obtained by calculating mean decrease in mean square error
surface pressure
ensemble learning
Machine learning approach that combines multiple algorithms to improve predictive performance and robustness
moist convection
attenuated backscatter coefficient
surface roughness length
polarimetric radar
Radar systems that transmit and receive both horizontal and vertical polarizations to characterize particle shape, orientation, and microphysical prop...
aerosol composition
compensatory water uptake
Process where trees shift their root water uptake from topsoil towards subsoil to sustain transpiration rates when shallow soil moisture declines
downscaling approach
enhancement factor
loose snow avalanches
snow albedo feedback
The positive feedback mechanism where reduced snow cover lowers surface albedo, increasing absorption and further reducing snow cover
riming
extreme climatic events
Meteorological events that are rare for a particular place or time of year and can have major ecological impacts
viewing azimuth angle
spectral width
mean Doppler velocity
climate downscaling
Process of using large-scale climate model outputs to generate local or regional scale climate projections
gauge undercatch
aging
mountain meteorology
coefficient of variation
Statistical measure of variation used to quantify family-guild variation and compare across different taxonomic groups
specific differential phase shift
fSCA
Richards equation
Mathematical equation describing water flow in partially saturated soils by relating volumetric soil water content to constitutive relations
biological INPs
hyper-resolution modeling
High spatial resolution climate modeling at sub-kilometer scales for hydrological applications
hygroscopicity parameter
Parameter describing the water uptake ability of aerosol particles using κ-Köhler theory
supersaturation
Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process (WBF)
eddy dissipation rate
Rate at which turbulent kinetic energy is converted to heat, used as quantitative measure of atmospheric turbulence intensity
cold-air drainage
Köppen climate classes
photooxidation
snow sublimation
Direct transition of snow from solid to vapor phase, important for water balance in mountain watersheds
AE
equivolumetric diameter
Budyko framework
A theoretical framework relating long-term evapotranspiration to water availability and atmospheric evaporative demand
green chromatic coordinate
ozone formation
Ångström exponent
external uncertainty
radar beam overlap
Spatial intersection of radar beams from different systems enabling measurement comparison
oceanic teleconnections
aggregation
Monin-Obukhov stability parameter
NDSI
spatiotemporal transferability
Ability of models to predict across different spatial domains and time points using information from multiple locations and times
PWV
temporal synthesis
Integration of time-series data across different temporal resolutions and scales
percent bias
sensor integration
streamflow deficit
The difference between observed streamflow and expected or baseline streamflow, representing water shortage
new-particle formation
linear depolarization ratio
CRF
Budyko framework
Bayesian inference
Statistical approach using prior distributions and likelihood functions to make probabilistic inferences about model parameters
pivot points
Bayesian retrieval
Statistical approach using prior information and measurement uncertainties to optimally estimate atmospheric properties
complex terrain
Mountainous regions with significant topographic variability that influences weather and climate processes
percentage change
surface hoar
latitude
correlation lengths
quantitative precipitation estimate
Estimates of precipitation amount derived from radar and other observational data
mean
CBH
fractional sky cover
time domain reflectometry
thermal inertia
Protocol (44) →
SNOTEL and cooperative observer networks
Comprehensive deployment of precipitation, atmospheric, and surface energy budget sensors across elevation and topographic gradients in complex terrai...
Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Compare method
Integration of ground-based GPR, manual measurements, and airborne sensors for comprehensive snow property mapping. Combines high-precision point meas...
Densiometer canopy coverage estimation
Vegetation greenness assessment using Green Chromatic Coordinate as proxy for evapotranspiration rates. Calculates green reflectance normalized by tot...
sUAS surface property mapping
Small uncrewed aircraft systems equipped with pyranometers, multispectral cameras, and radiometers to map spatial variability in surface albedo, veget...
EDR from Doppler radar
Novel framework using collocated slanted W-band and vertical Ka-band radars to isolate microphysical processes within turbulent layers by comparing ra...
Water balance equation
Comprehensive approach calculating potential evapotranspiration using three established methods (Thornthwaite, Hargreaves, Penman-Monteith) and actual...
eddy covariance
Standardized eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy fluxes between ecosystems and atmosphere. Continuous automated me...
Atmospheric surface flux measurements
Continuous measurements of surface energy budget, momentum flux, meteorology and soil properties using an atmospheric surface flux station. Data colle...
Snow energy and mass balance monitoring
Continuous hourly monitoring of meteorological variables including wind, temperature, humidity, snowpack depth, and radiation components using tower-m...
Tipping bucket rain gauge
Rain measurements recorded via tipping bucket rain gauge, though may not be accurate for winter precipitation events like snow.
Show 34 more protocols
VISSS snowfall particle analysis
Video In Situ Snowfall Sensor measurements providing particle size distributions, complexity, and fall velocity measurements to validate radar-derived...
Weather Research and Forecasting Model
High-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations using different microphysical parameterizations to assess precipitation sensitivity...
Community Land Model (CLM)
Used Community Land Model to simulate evapotranspiration components at high spatiotemporal resolution over a mountainous watershed with detailed soil ...
Tethered balloon vertical profiling
Tethered balloon system flights carrying aerosol instruments vertically through the atmospheric column to generate profiles of particle concentrations...
Multi-model PlanetScope snow cover classification
Machine learning approach for snow cover mapping using PlanetScope imagery with multiple model configurations incorporating spectral, topographic, and...
ARM INP filter sampling and Ice Nucleation Spectrometer analysis
Standardized filter-based sampling of atmospheric aerosols followed by immersion freezing analysis using the Ice Nucleation Spectrometer to quantify i...
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program
Comprehensive ground-based cloud property retrieval using Ka-band radar for cloud boundaries, multifilter radiometry and sun photometry for optical th...
MODIS EVI time series analysis
Harmonized Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery processed through continental-scale algorithms to create vegetation index time series and estimate phenoph...
UAS microwave radiometry
Soil moisture measurements using the Lobe Differencing Correlation Radiometer (LDCR) L-Band microwave radiometer flown on aerial platforms.
Green Chromatic Coordinate Camera Monitoring
Time-lapse photography using Moultrie M40 cameras mounted at 45° angle to capture plot-level vegetation greenness and calculate Green Chromatic Coordi...
TROPoe
Retrieval of vertical temperature and water vapor profiles using infrared spectroscopy with optimal estimation physical retrieval method. Provides hig...
Intensive study site monitoring
Heavily instrumented sites to collect measurements capturing seasonal variations in hydro-biogeochemical processes as a function of landscape position...
Satellite study site network
Network allowing investigations across gradients in elevation, fluvial geomorphology, vegetation, water quality and bedrock composition including expe...
Bilinear and conservative interpolation regridding
Uses xESMF package to interpolate different UAS measurements to a common rectilinear grid, with bilinear interpolation for soil moisture and conservat...
ASSIST infrared spectroscopy
Remote sensing of atmospheric infrared radiances using Atmospheric Sounder Spectrometer by Infrared Spectral Technology (ASSIST) in wavenumber range 6...
Cold-air pooling mapping algorithm
Python implementation of algorithm from Lundquist et al., 2008, applied to digital elevation models to classify cold-air pooling areas using terrain a...
Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis
EOF analysis applied to temperature deviations from 600 hPa free-air temperature to identify dominant spatial patterns of surface temperature variabil...
Portable Optical Particle Spectrometer
Portable Optical Particle Spectrometer (POPS) measurements of light scattering by particles passing through a laser beam to determine particle size di...
Disdrometer precipitation monitoring
Used optical instruments with lasers to measure size and fall speed of precipitation particles including raindrops, snowflakes, and hail.
multiple linear regression
Regression analysis applied to simulated water table declines across nested catchments to identify relationships between topographic characteristics, ...
Data quality control
Data cleaning procedures including interpolation of missing values and setting snow depths to zero after depletion date.
Snow Ice Mass Balance Apparatus (SIMBA)
Thermistor chain with 2 cm spacing configured for terrestrial snowpack to measure continuous snow temperature profiles. Chain installed suspended from...
Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer measurements
Upward-facing MFRSR measures downwelling irradiance through sequential observations reconstructed from irradiances during various shadowband positions...
Laboratory lamp calibrations
Instrument responsivity calibrations performed using laboratory lamp calibrations for the MFRSR and in-field side-by-side calibration for the MFR.
Size and Time-resolved Aerosol Collection
Four-stage aerosol collector (STAC) that separates particles into distinct aerodynamic size fractions with different cut-off diameters for size- and t...
DEM gap-filling and harmonization
Gap-filling areas outside Upper East River domain with interpolated data from 3m ASO DEM, harmonized with NEON DEM and filtered to remove small pits a...
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program
Continuous measurement of aerosol optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations using standardized ARM instrumentation across multip...
Dual-polarization X-band radar precipitation monitoring
High-resolution scanning X-band radar system providing detailed precipitation measurements with dual-polarization capability. Performs volume scans an...
SUMMA modeling with downscaled CMIP6 forcings
SUMMA model simulation using downscaled forcings from the WUS-D3 dataset of downscaled CMIP6 GCMS for surface hoar study.
CCNC supersaturation interpolation
Three-step process to harmonize cloud condensation nuclei measurements across different instrument supersaturation settings using polynomial interpola...
SAIL-Net distributed aerosol monitoring network
A distributed network of six ground-based aerosol measurement stations spanning elevational gradients in mountainous terrain to characterize spatiotem...
Petrophysical relationship analysis
Derivation of hydraulic permeability and porosity from ERT data through petrophysical relationships for model parameterization.
Snow zone delineation through time-lapse photography
Weekly photography from fixed viewpoints to map snowmelt progression and delineate zones with different snow-free periods. Contours drawn on detailed ...
High Spectral Resolution Lidar
High spectral resolution lidar measurement of aerosol backscatter profiles to detect aerosol layer boundaries and depth. Uses Haar Wavelet transform g...
Place (36) →
Show 26 more places
Schofield station
Kettle Ponds
East River catchment
East/Taylor Watersheds
M1 site
ASI
ENA
S2 site
Jungfraujoch
Sierras de Córdoba
Avery Picnic site
TBS
MOS
Sleepers River
Tuolumne River Basin
East Taylor subbasin
Schofield SNOTEL site
Butte station
Colorado Headwaters
Dirty Devil
HOU
Tuolumne watershed
Arctic Ocean
Upper East River CO Watersheds
Monterey
SAIL site
Publication (23) →
Supporting advancement in weather and water prediction in the upper Colorado River Basin: The SPLASH campaign
The Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) Campaign
Observations of surface energy fluxes and meteorology in the seasonally snow-covered high-elevation East River watershed during SPLASH, 2021–2023
Seasonality and albedo dependence of cloud radiative forcing in the Upper Colorado River Basin
Cold-season precipitation sensitivity to microphysical parameterizations: hydrologic evaluations leveraging snow lidar datasets
Evaluating 3 decades of precipitation in the Upper Colorado River basin from a high-resolution regional climate model
The short life of upvalley wind in a high-altitude valley in the Colorado Rocky Mountains
Long-term measurements of ice nucleating particles at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites worldwide
Harmonized aerosol size distribution, cloud condensation nuclei, chemistry and optical properties at 10 sites
Measurement report: An investigation of the spatiotemporal variability in aerosols in the mountainous terrain of the upper Colorado River basin using SAIL-Net
Show 13 more publications
High-Resolution Snow-Covered Area Mapping in Forested Mountain Ecosystems Using PlanetScope Imagery
Investigating KDP signatures inside and below the dendritic growth layer with W-band Doppler radar and in situ snowfall camera
Impact of Crosstalk on Reflectivity and Doppler Measurements for the WIVERN Polarization Diversity Doppler Radar
Snow microphysical processes in orographic turbulence revealed by cloud radar and in situ snowfall camera observations
Interpretable ensemble learning unveils main aerosol optical properties in predicting cloud condensation nuclei number concentration
Evaluation of cloud height, optical thickness, and phase retrievals from the CHROMA algorithm applied to Sentinel-3 OLCI data
Spatially distributed snow depth, bulk density, and snow water equivalent from ground-based and airborne sensor integration at Grand Mesa, Colorado, USA
Sublimation of Snow
Riming-dependent snowfall rate and ice water content retrievals for W-band cloud radar
Skill Assessment of Water Supply Outlooks in the Colorado River Basin
A <scp>community‐supported</scp> weather and soil moisture monitoring database of the Roaring Fork catchment of the Colorado River Headwaters
How strong is Snow? Spatial correlations of snowpack load bearing capacity and micromechanics from NASA SnowEx SnowMicroPen Data at Grand Mesa, Colorado
Lidar and deep learning reveal forest structural controls on snowpack
Dataset (152) →
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 measurements (level 1 Raw), Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH), September 2021-July 2023
Raw (Level 1) measurements from the Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 (ASFS-30) deployed at the Kettle Ponds Annex site (38°56.3686' N, 106°58.1781...
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 measurements (level 1 Raw), Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH), October 2021-June 2023
Raw (Level 1) measurements from the Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 (ASFS-50) deployed at the Avery Picnic site (38°58.3455' N, 106°59.8113' W) d...
pivot points and responses by polygon
Data from: Thoma, D.P., S.M. Munson & D.L. Witwicki 2018. Landscape pivot points and responses to water balance in national parks of the southwest...
Data from: Landscape pivot points and responses to water balance in national parks of the southwest U.S.
1. A recent drying trend that is expected to continue in the southwestern U.S. underscores the need for site-specific and near real-time understanding...
BST/NOAA PSL Level 3 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation...
NOAA PSL thermodynamic profiles retrieved from ASSIST infrared radiances with the optimal estimation physical retrieval TROPoe during SPLASH
This dataset contains daily files with thermodynamic profiles retrieved with the optimal estimation physical retrieval TROPoe (TROPoe, Turner and Löhn...
NOAA PSL Soil Moisture and Surface Temperature Probe Data for SPLASH
This dataset contains measurements from a hand-held FieldScout TDR Soil Moisture Meter within the 0-10 cm soil depth of: Time (UTC), GPS locations, El...
Dynamically Downscaled (WRF) 1km, Hourly Meteorological Conditions 1987-2020. East/Taylor Watersheds.
This dataset contains meteorological output from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) version 3.8.1. This dataset has been created to 1) investi...
BST/NOAA PSL Level 2 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation...
Leipzig University W-Band Cloud Radar, Gothic (Colorado), SAIL Campaign Second Winter (15.11.2022 - 05.06.2023)
The instrument is a polarimetric W-Band simultaneous transmission simultaneous reception (STSR) Doppler Cloud Radar manufactured by Radiometer Physics...
Show 142 more datasets
Seasonal Precipitation Classification during Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory Campaign
The Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) campaign, conducted from September 2021 to June 2023 in Crested Butte, Colorado, aimed to ch...
Hybrid predictive modeling approach simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respiration data
This dataset includes measured data used for developing hybrid-predictive-modeling (HPM) approach and simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respi...
Hybrid predictive modeling approach simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respiration data
This dataset includes measured data used for developing hybrid-predictive-modeling (HPM) approach and simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respi...
Hybrid predictive modeling approach simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respiration data
This dataset includes measured data used for developing hybrid-predictive-modeling (HPM) approach and simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respi...
Continuous snow temperature profiles from the Snow Ice Mass Balance Apparatus (SIMBA) (level 1 Raw), Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH), November 2022-June 2023
Raw (Level 1) measurements from the Snow Ice Mass Balance Apparatus (SIMBA) deployed at the Avery Picnic site (~ 38°58.345' N, 106°59.811' W) during t...
Sensor-based phenology from snowmelt experiment gradient, East River, Colorado, 2017 to 2020
The timing of snowmelt is a critical cue for the initiation of growth in mountain meadow ecosystems and can also impact the duration and magnitude of ...
NOAA GML and CIRES/Uni. of Colorado-Boulder Ceilometer Cloud Data Products at Kettle Ponds (CKP) for SPLASH
Cloud base height / vertical visibility and attenuated backscatter coefficient profiles from NOAA GML's Vaisala CL51 ceilometer deployed at Kettle Pon...
Sensor-based phenology from snowmelt experiment gradient, East River, Colorado, 2017 to 2020
The timing of snowmelt is a critical cue for the initiation of growth in mountain meadow ecosystems and can also impact the duration and magnitude of ...
The East River, Colorado, Watershed: A Mountainous Community Testbed for Improving Predictive Understanding of Multiscale Hydrological-Biogeochemical Dynamics: Dataset
This dataset contains snow water, precipitation, and discharge data collected from the East River watershed. This provides insight as to how the water...
Temperature, Humidity, and Time-Lapse Video Data from the East River Watershed, Water Year 2024
This dataset contains timelapse videos and distributed measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, dewpoint, and soil temperature across the E...
NOAA PSL CL31 Ceilometer Backscatter and Cloud Base Height Data for SPLASH
This dataset contains daily files from a CL31 ceilometer manufactured by Vaisala that was deployed at Roaring Judy in the East River Watershed in Colo...
Sensor-based phenology from snowmelt experiment gradient, East River, Colorado, 2017 to 2020
The timing of snowmelt is a critical cue for the initiation of growth in mountain meadow ecosystems and can also impact the duration and magnitude of ...
Cold-Air Pooling Maps for Colorado (100 m) and the East River Watershed Region (30 m)
Cold-air pooling (CAP) mapped across Colorado at 100m resolution and the region surrounding the East River watershed, CO at 30m resolution. Classifica...
Sensor-based phenology from snowmelt experiment gradient, East River, Colorado, 2017 to 2020
The timing of snowmelt is a critical cue for the initiation of growth in mountain meadow ecosystems and can also impact the duration and magnitude of ...
Sensor-based phenology from snowmelt experiment gradient, East River, Colorado, 2017 to 2020
The timing of snowmelt is a critical cue for the initiation of growth in mountain meadow ecosystems and can also impact the duration and magnitude of ...
BST/NOAA PSL Level 3 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation...
BST/NOAA PSL Level 3 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation...
SAIL-Net Raw and Post Corrected POPS Data Fall 2021 - Summer 2023
SAIL-Net is a DOE funded project in the East River Watershed near Crested Butte, Colorado with the goal of advancing our understanding of aerosol-clou...
Hybrid predictive modeling approach simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respiration data
This dataset includes measured data used for developing hybrid-predictive-modeling (HPM) approach and simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respi...
Hydrologic Model Files (PRMS) for Historical Conditions in the East River Watershed, Colorado between 1987-2019
The data package contains model input and output file for the East River watershed (85 km2) located in the headwaters of the Colorado River. The model...
SAIL-Net POPS Data Fall 2021 - Summer 2023
SAIL-Net was a DOE funded project in the East River Watershed near Crested Butte, Colorado with the goal of advancing our understanding of aerosol-clo...
SPLASH Field Study; Snow-level Radar FMCW Moments at Kettle Ponds, Colorado, 2021-09-29 to 2023-09-06 (NCEI Accession 0289123)
From fall 2021 through summer 2023, NOAA and research partners conducted a field study (SPLASH - the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and ...
SPLASH Field Study; BST/NOAA PSL Level 3 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature (NCEI Accession 0301536)
From fall 2021 through summer 2023, NOAA and research partners participated in the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrom...
SPLASH Field Study; NOAA PSL thermodynamic profiles retrieved from ASSIST infrared radiances with the optimal estimation physical retrieval TROPoe (NCEI Accession 0303808)
This dataset contains daily files with thermodynamic profiles retrieved with the optimal estimation physical retrieval TROPoe (TROPoe, Turner and Löhn...
Integrated Hourly Meteorological Database of 20 Meteorological Stations (1981-2022) for Watershed Function SFA Hydrological Modeling
This dataset contains (a) a script “R_met_integrated_for_modeling.R”, and (b) associated input CSV files: 3 CSV files per location to create a 5-varia...
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 measurements (level 2 Processed), Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH), October 2021-June 2023
Processed (Level 2) measurements and derived variables from the Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 (ASFS-50) deployed at the Avery Picnic site (38°5...
SOS: Terrestrial Scanning Lidar L5 Downwind Tower Raw Point Clouds. Version 1.0
Raw point clouds from the terrestrial scanning lidar #5 (L5) that was deployed on the downwind flux tower near Crested Butte, Colorado for the SOS (Su...
SOS: Terrestrial Scanning Lidar L4 Upwind West Tower Raw Point Clouds. Version 1.0
Raw point clouds from the terrestrial scanning lidar #4 (L4) that was deployed on the upwind west flux tower near Crested Butte, Colorado for the SOS ...
SOS: Terrestrial Scanning Lidar L6 Downwind Tower Raw Point Clouds. Version 1.0
Raw point clouds from the terrestrial scanning lidar #6 (L6) that was deployed on the downwind flux tower near Crested Butte, Colorado for the SOS (Su...
SOS: Terrestrial Scanning Lidar L3 Upwind West Tower Raw Point Clouds. Version 1.0
Raw point clouds from the terrestrial scanning lidar #3 (L3) that was deployed on the upwind west flux tower near Crested Butte, Colorado for the SOS ...
SOS: Terrestrial Scanning Lidar L2 Upwind East Tower Raw Point Clouds. Version 1.0
Raw point clouds from the terrestrial scanning lidar #2 (L2) that was deployed on the upwind east flux tower near Crested Butte, Colorado for the SOS ...
SOS: Terrestrial Scanning Lidar L1 Upwind East Tower Raw Point Clouds. Version 1.0
Raw point clouds from the terrestrial scanning lidar #1 (L1) that was deployed on the upwind east flux tower near Crested Butte, Colorado for the SOS ...
Colorado Cold-Air Pooling Maps and SNOTEL Station Classifications
This dataset contains maps of cold-air pooling (CAP) across Colorado at 100m resolution (Colorado_100m.nc) and the region surrounding the East River w...
NOAA PSL thermodynamic profiles retrieved from ASSIST infrared radiances with the optimal estimation physical retrieval TROPoe during SPLASH
This dataset contains daily files with thermodynamic profiles retrieved with the optimal estimation physical retrieval TROPoe (TROPoe, Turner and Löhn...
915rwpwindcon (a1)
The radar wind profiler/radio acoustic sounding system (RWP/RASS), available in 915-MHz (for U.S. deployments) and 1290-MHz (for foreign deployments),...
Gridded Ensemble Precipitation and Temperature Estimates over the Contiguous United States Version 2.0
Gridded precipitation and temperature products are inherently uncertain due to myriad factors, including interpolation from a sparse observation netwo...
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 measurements (level 2 Processed), Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH), September 2021-July 2023
Processed (Level 2) measurements and derived variables from the Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 (ASFS-30) deployed at the Kettle Ponds Annex site...
BST/NOAA PSL Level 3 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation...
Size-Resolved Chemical Composition of Particles Collected Using STAC at the Ground Site During the SAIL Campaign in Gunnison, Colorado
Aerosol particles were collected using a four-stage Size and Time-resolved Aerosol Collector (STAC) during the SAIL field campaign. Each stage of STAC...
iRON_Soil Moisture_Calibrated
**Error has been found in Glenwood Springs station data. The 8in depth soil moisture sensor was mislabeled as the 40in depth sensor and vice versa for...
SPLASH Field Study; Snow-level Radar FMCW Moments at Brush Creek, Colorado, 2021-12-20 to 2023-09-05 (NCEI Accession 0289129)
From fall 2021 through summer 2023, NOAA and research partners conducted a field study (SPLASH - the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and ...
BST/NOAA PSL Level 2 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation...
BST/NOAA PSL Level 2 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation...
iRON_Soil Moisture_Calibrated
**Error has been found in Glenwood Springs station data. The 8in depth soil moisture sensor was mislabeled as the 40in depth sensor and vice versa for...
BST/NOAA PSL Level 3 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation...
BST/NOAA PSL Level 2 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation...
SOS: Terrestrial Scanning Lidar Derived Land/Snow Surfaces. Version 1.0
Surface grids of the snow, ground, and vegetation surfaces derived from the six terrestrial scanning lidars that were deployed on three flux towers ne...
ld (b1)
A laser disdrometer (LDIS) measures the drop size spectra and fall velocity of hydrometeors during precipitation events. The passage of hydrometeors t...
DWCZ CO - Coal Creek (CC)
Coal Creek (CC) is a high-elevation, headwater tributary to the Upper Colorado Basin located in the Ruby-Anthracite Range in the central Colorado Rock...
Snowpack Persistence Day of Year Yearly Timeseries
This dataset represents an estimate of the day of year (i.e. , "Julian Day") of the persistence of the seasonal snowpack. Specifically the...
Snowpack Duration Standard Deviation (Water Year 1993 - 2022)
This dataset represents an estimate of interannual variability in the number of days of continuous seasonal snowpack from 1993 - 2022. This map is d...
Snowpack Onset Day of Year Standard Deviation (1993-2022)
This dataset represents an estimate of interannual variability in the day of year (i.e., "Julian Day") of the onset of the seasonal snowpack. ...
Hydrologic Model Files (PRMS) for Historical Conditions in the East River Watershed, Colorado between 1987-2019
The data package contains model input and output file for the East River watershed (85 km2) located in the headwaters of the Colorado River. The model...
Assessment of Spatiotemporal Variability of Evapotranspiration and Its Governing Factors in a Mountainous Watershed at the East River, Colorado, Water: Dataset.
This data package contains simulation results of daily evapotranspiration for 17 locations of meteorological stations with different precipitation, ai...
SPLASH Field Study; Spectral Surface Albedo Observations from NOAA GML/GRAD and CIRES at Brush Creek (CBC) (NCEI Accession 0305474)
Overview The NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML), Radiation, Aerosols, and Cloud Division (G-RAD), in collaboration with the Cooperative Institute...
SPLASH Field Study; Spectral Surface Albedo Observations from NOAA GML/GRAD and CIRES at Kettle Ponds (CKP) (NCEI Accession 0305473)
Overview The NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML), Radiation, Aerosols, and Cloud Division (G-RAD), in collaboration with the Cooperative Institute...
dataRetrieval
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed an R package called dataRetrieval to help simplify the process of discovering and retrieving water quality...
leahgibson/sailnet_paper_analysis_and_figures: SAIL-Net Analysis and Figures (paper accepted)
Contains the code for the figure generation and analysis of the manuscript "Measurement Report: An investigation of the spatiotemporal variability of ...
Colorado Cold-Air Pooling Maps and SNOTEL Station Classifications
This dataset contains maps of cold-air pooling (CAP) across Colorado at 100m resolution (Colorado_100m.nc) and the region surrounding the East River w...
Colorado Cold-Air Pooling Maps and SNOTEL Station Classifications
This dataset contains maps of cold-air pooling (CAP) across Colorado at 100m resolution (Colorado_100m.nc) and the region surrounding the East River w...
Data from: Drivers of spring migration phenology in Rocky Mountain elk
By migrating, ungulates take advantage of cyclical fluctuations in resources, which allows them to persist at greater population numbers than they wou...
DEFUNCT:_iRON_Soil Moisture_Calibrated_2013 to 2018
***An error has been caught in time codes. The time codes currently read GMT-5:00. The CORRECT time code is GMT-7:00 for all datasets. Files with Full...
Turbulence dissipation rate estimated from Doppler Lidar measurements during LAPSE-RATE
This dataset includes turbulence dissipation rate estimated from the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars and the University of Oklahoma Halo Str...
Turbulence dissipation rate estimated from Doppler Lidar measurements during LAPSE-RATE
This dataset includes turbulence dissipation rate estimated from the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars and the University of Oklahoma Halo Str...
Turbulence dissipation rate estimated from Doppler Lidar measurements during LAPSE-RATE
This dataset includes turbulence dissipation rate estimated from the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars and the University of Oklahoma Halo Str...
Iron_Soil Moisture_Calibrated_2013 To 2018
*** An error has been caught in time codes. The time codes currently read GMT-5:00. The CORRECT time code is GMT-7:00 for all datasets .*** These data...
Iron_Soil Moisture_Calibrated_2013 To 2018
*** An error has been caught in time codes. The time codes currently read GMT-5:00. The CORRECT time code is GMT-7:00 for all datasets .*** These data...
Iron_Soil Moisture_Calibrated_2013 To 2018
*** An error has been caught in time codes. The time codes currently read GMT-5:00. The CORRECT time code is GMT-7:00 for all datasets .*** These data...
iRON_Soil Moisture_Calibrated
**Error has been found in Glenwood Springs station data. The 8in depth soil moisture sensor was mislabeled as the 40in depth sensor and vice versa for...
Compilation of actual evapotranspiration and vegetation indices along critical riparian zones on the Navajo Nation from 2013-2023
These data were compiled for monitoring riparian zone trends and changes in the Navajo Nation as part of a study to document riparian ecosystem health...
iRON_Soil Moisture_Calibrated
** Error has been found in Glenwood Springs station data. The 8in depth soil moisture sensor was mislabeled as the 40in depth sensor and vice versa fo...
Turbulence dissipation rate estimated from Doppler Lidar measurements during LAPSE-RATE
This dataset includes turbulence dissipation rate estimated from the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars and the University of Oklahoma Halo Str...
Turbulence dissipation rate estimated from Doppler Lidar measurements during LAPSE-RATE
This dataset includes turbulence dissipation rate estimated from the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars and the University of Oklahoma Halo Str...
Turbulence dissipation rate estimated from Doppler Lidar measurements during LAPSE-RATE
This dataset includes turbulence dissipation rate estimated from the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars and the University of Oklahoma Halo Str...
WRF Large-Eddy Simulation Data from Realtime Runs Used to Support UAS Operations during LAPSE-RATE
Realtime micro-scale weather simulations were performed to support UAV (Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle) flights during the ISARRA Lower Atmospheric Process S...
Compilation of actual evapotranspiration and vegetation indices along critical riparian zones on the Navajo Nation from 2013-2023
These data were compiled for monitoring riparian zone trends and changes in the Navajo Nation as part of a study to document riparian ecosystem health...
interpolatedsonde
ARM Instrument: Interpolated Sonde
LAPSE-RATE ground-based Doppler lidar datasets from Univ Colorado Boulder
This dataset includes measurements obtained using the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars during the 2018 LAPSE-RATE (Lower Atmospheric Profilin...
Turbulence dissipation rate estimated from Doppler Lidar measurements during LAPSE-RATE
This dataset includes turbulence dissipation rate estimated from the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars and the University of Oklahoma Halo Str...
LAPSE-RATE ground-based Doppler lidar datasets from Univ Colorado Boulder
This dataset includes measurements obtained using the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars during the 2018 LAPSE-RATE (Lower Atmospheric Profilin...
iRON_Soil Moisture_Calibrated
**Error has been found in Glenwood Springs station data. The 8in depth soil moisture sensor was mislabeled as the 40in depth sensor and vice versa for...
iRON_Soil Moisture_Calibrated
**Error has been found in Glenwood Springs station data. The 8in depth soil moisture sensor was mislabeled as the 40in depth sensor and vice versa for...
DEFUNCT:_iRON_Soil Moisture_Calibrated_2013 to 2018
***An error has been caught in time codes. The time codes currently read GMT-5:00. The CORRECT time code is GMT-7:00 for all datasets. Files with Full...
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 measurements (level 1 Raw), Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH), September 2021-July 2023
Raw (Level 1) measurements from the Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 (ASFS-30) deployed at the Kettle Ponds Annex site (38°56.3686' N, 106°58.1781...
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 measurements (level 1 Raw), Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH), October 2021-June 2023
Raw (Level 1) measurements from the Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 (ASFS-50) deployed at the Avery Picnic site (38°58.3455' N, 106°59.8113' W) d...
LAPSE-RATE ground-based Doppler lidar datasets from Univ Colorado Boulder
This dataset includes measurements obtained using the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars during the 2018 LAPSE-RATE (Lower Atmospheric Profilin...
LAPSE-RATE ground-based Doppler lidar datasets from Univ Colorado Boulder
This dataset includes measurements obtained using the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars during the 2018 LAPSE-RATE (Lower Atmospheric Profilin...
LAPSE-RATE ground-based Doppler lidar datasets from Univ Colorado Boulder
This dataset includes measurements obtained using the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars during the 2018 LAPSE-RATE (Lower Atmospheric Profilin...
Video In Situ Snowfall Sensor (VISSS) data for Hyytiälä (2021-2022)
The open source Video In Situ Snowfall Sensor (VISSS) is a novel instrument for the characterization of particle shape and size in snowfall. The VISSS...
Iron_Soil_Moisture_Uncalibrated_2013_2017
These data are the complete data set from installation through Dec 31, 2017 for AGCI's interactive Roaring Fork Observation Network (iRON). The networ...
Iron_Soil Moisture_Calibrated_2013 To 2018
*** An error has been caught in time codes. The time codes currently read GMT-5:00. The CORRECT time code is GMT-7:00 for all datasets . Files with Fu...
Iron_Soil Moisture_Calibrated_2013 To 2018
*** An error has been caught in time codes. The time codes currently read GMT-5:00. The CORRECT time code is GMT-7:00 for all datasets .*** These data...
Iron_Soil_Moisture_Uncalibrated_2013_2017
These data are the complete data set from installation through Dec 31, 2017 for AGCI's interactive Roaring Fork Observation Network (iRON). The networ...
Map data and Unmanned Aircraft System imagery from the May 25, 2014 West Salt Creek rock avalanche in western Colorado
On May 25, 2014, a rain-on-snow induced rock avalanche occurred in the West Salt Creek Valley on the northern flank of Grand Mesa in western Colorado....
Video In Situ Snowfall Sensor (VISSS) data for Ny-Ålesund (2021-2022)
The open source Video In Situ Snowfall Sensor (VISSS) is a novel instrument for the characterization of particle shape and size in snowfall. The VISSS...
LAPSE-RATE ground-based Doppler lidar datasets from Univ Colorado Boulder
This dataset includes measurements obtained using the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars during the 2018 LAPSE-RATE (Lower Atmospheric Profilin...
NOAA PSL CL31 Ceilometer Backscatter and Cloud Base Height Data for SPLASH
This dataset contains daily files from a CL31 ceilometer manufactured by Vaisala that was deployed at Roaring Judy in the East River Watershed in Colo...
SAIL-Net CloudPuck CCN Data
SAIL-Net is a DOE funded project in the East River Watershed near Crested Butte, Colorado with the goal of advancing our understanding of aerosol-clou...
Scripts and data to produce figures for the SVS2 paper submitted to GMD
The Soil, Vegetation, and snow model version 2.0 (SVS2) is a land surface model developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) to be used i...
Scripts and data to produce figures for the SVS2 paper submitted to GMD
The Soil, Vegetation, and snow model version 2.0 (SVS2) is a land surface model developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) to be used i...
Scripts and data to produce figures for the SVS2 paper submitted to GMD
The Soil, Vegetation, and snow model version 2.0 (SVS2) is a land surface model developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) to be used i...
Scripts and data to produce figures for the SVS2 paper submitted to GMD
The Soil, Vegetation, and snow model version 2.0 (SVS2) is a land surface model developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) to be used i...
mwrret1liljclou
ARM Instrument: MWR Retrievals
LAPSE-RATE ground-based Doppler lidar datasets from Univ Colorado Boulder
This dataset includes measurements obtained using the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars during the 2018 LAPSE-RATE (Lower Atmospheric Profilin...
LAPSE-RATE ground-based Doppler lidar datasets from Univ Colorado Boulder
This dataset includes measurements obtained using the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars during the 2018 LAPSE-RATE (Lower Atmospheric Profilin...
WRF Large-Eddy Simulation Data from Realtime Runs Used to Support UAS Operations during LAPSE-RATE
Realtime micro-scale weather simulations were performed to support UAV (Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle) flights during the ISARRA Lower Atmospheric Process S...
Grand Mesa Study Plot
Cleaned (quality checked) and continuous hourly records of snow energy and mass balance variables from Grand Mesa Study Plot (GMSP). GMSP is located i...
Iron_Soil_Moisture_Uncalibrated_2013_2017
These data are the complete data set from installation through Dec 31, 2017 for AGCI's interactive Roaring Fork Observation Network (iRON). The networ...
Iron_Soil Moisture_Calibrated_2013 To 2018
*** An error has been caught in time codes. The time codes currently read GMT-5:00. The CORRECT time code is GMT-7:00 for all datasets . Files with Fu...
Reduced Surface Hoar in a Warming World— SUMMA Model Output and Codes
SUMMA model output for a single site in the East River Watershed, Colorado using downscaled forcings from the WUS-D3 dataset of downscaled CMIP6 GCMS....
Iron_Soil_Moisture_Uncalibrated_2013_2017
These data are the complete data set from installation through Dec 31, 2017 for AGCI's interactive Roaring Fork Observation Network (iRON). The networ...
Iron_Soil_Moisture_Uncalibrated_2013_2017
These data are the complete data set from installation through Dec 31, 2017 for AGCI's interactive Roaring Fork Observation Network (iRON). The networ...
Map data and Unmanned Aircraft System imagery from the May 25, 2014 West Salt Creek rock avalanche in western Colorado
On May 25, 2014, a rain-on-snow induced rock avalanche occurred in the West Salt Creek Valley on the northern flank of Grand Mesa in western Colorado....
Continuous snow temperature profiles from the Snow Ice Mass Balance Apparatus (SIMBA) (level 1 Raw), Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH), November 2022-June 2023
Raw (Level 1) measurements from the Snow Ice Mass Balance Apparatus (SIMBA) deployed at the Avery Picnic site (~ 38°58.345' N, 106°59.811' W) during t...
Turbulence dissipation rate estimated from Doppler Lidar measurements during LAPSE-RATE
This dataset includes turbulence dissipation rate estimated from the University of Colorado Windcube v1 lidars and the University of Oklahoma Halo Str...
Grand Mesa Study Plot
Cleaned (quality checked) and continuous hourly records of snow energy and mass balance variables from Grand Mesa Study Plot (GMSP). GMSP is located i...
Ceilometer (Vaisala CL31) 10 meter resolution backscatter data
Ceilometer (Vaisala CL31) 10 meter resolution backscatter data
Video In Situ Snowfall Sensor (VISSS) data for Ny-Ålesund (July 2022 - December 2023)
The open source Video In Situ Snowfall Sensor (VISSS) is a novel instrument for the characterization of particle shape and size in snowfall. The VISSS...
SUMMA model output for surface hoar study
SUMMA model output for a single site in the East River Watershed, Colorado using downscaled forcings from the WUS-D3 dataset of downscaled CMIP6 GCMS....
Grand Mesa Study Plot
Cleaned (quality checked) and continuous hourly records of snow energy and mass balance variables from Grand Mesa Study Plot (GMSP). GMSP is located i...
SnowEx20 SnowEx Grand Mesa Automated Meteorological and Snow Station Observations 2016-2021, version 1
SnowEx20 SnowEx Grand Mesa Automated Meteorological and Snow Station Observations 2016-2021, version 1
iRON_Soil Moisture_Calibrated
** Error has been found in Glenwood Springs station data. The 8in depth soil moisture sensor was mislabeled as the 40in depth sensor and vice versa fo...
climlab/climlab: Version 0.8.1
A major refactor of the internals: all the Fortran code has been moved into external companion packages climlab-rrtmg, climlab-cam3-radiation, and cli...
Grand Mesa 2017-02-01 snow depth estimate
Elevation difference (snow depth estimate for exposed ground surfaces) between co-registered WorldView-3 optical stereo DSM products from 2016-09-25 (...
Grand Mesa 2017-02-01 snow depth estimate
Elevation difference (snow depth estimate for exposed ground surfaces) between co-registered WorldView-3 optical stereo DSM products from 2016-09-25 (...
Grand Mesa Study Plot
Cleaned (quality checked) and continuous hourly records of snow energy and mass balance variables from Grand Mesa Study Plot (GMSP). GMSP is located i...
Dust mass and horizontal aeolian sediment flux data from a sampler network on the Colorado Plateau, USA
These data were compiled to assess time series data of aeolian sediment collections across varying climates, vegetation cover, and land uses on the Co...
Grand Mesa Study Plot
Cleaned (quality checked) and continuous hourly records of snow energy and mass balance variables from Grand Mesa Study Plot (GMSP). GMSP is located i...
bsu-wrudisill/WRF-Run: first release pt 2
"Experimental" scripts to run WRF in a variety of configurations. Designed to facilitate experimenting with run settings, boundary/initial conditions,...
Snowpack_Snodgrass Elevation transect_Winters (2021-22, 2022-23)_AS.csv
The data set “Snowpack_Snodgrass_AS.csv” consists of the snowpack data measured by the PhenoCams at each site up Snodgrass Mtn, Crested Butte, Co. To ...
KAZRARSCL-All-inclusive data stream
The KAZR-ARSCL VAP provides cloud boundaries and best-estimate time-height fields of radar moments. The VAP merges corrected KAZR moments from all act...
ARM: KAZRCFRGE
kazr
Grand Mesa 2017-02-01 snow depth estimate
Elevation difference (snow depth estimate for exposed ground surfaces) between co-registered WorldView-3 optical stereo DSM products from 2016-09-25 (...
Reduced Surface Hoar in a Warming World— SUMMA Model Output and Codes
SUMMA model output for a single site in the East River Watershed, Colorado using downscaled forcings from the WUS-D3 dataset of downscaled CMIP6 GCMS....
Grand Mesa 2017-02-01 snow depth estimate
Elevation difference (snow depth estimate for exposed ground surfaces) between co-registered WorldView-3 optical stereo DSM products from 2016-09-25 (...
Grand Mesa 2017-02-01 snow depth estimate
Elevation difference (snow depth estimate for exposed ground surfaces) between co-registered WorldView-3 optical stereo DSM products from 2016-09-25 (...
Grand Mesa Study Plot
Cleaned (quality checked) and continuous hourly records of snow energy and mass balance variables from Grand Mesa Study Plot (GMSP). GMSP is located i...
AmeriFlux US-UR4 Gunnison - UCRB
This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-UR4 Gunnison - UCRB. Site Description - This site is located in Gunnison, Colora...
High Spectral Resolution Lidar Data, a1 Data Level
High Spectral Resolution Lidar Data, a1 Data Level
Gothic Colorado WInter 2022 Snow Depth Lidar
Gothic Colorado Winter 2022 Snow Depth Lidar from Jan7, Jan 26, and Feb 14 2022. Additionally, includes snow off.
Grand Mesa 2017-02-01 snow depth estimate
Elevation difference (snow depth estimate for exposed ground surfaces) between co-registered WorldView-3 optical stereo DSM products from 2016-09-25 (...