Mean monthly maximum temperature (F.

Abstract California has an enormous stake in the Colorado River. In the southern portion of the State, 80 percent of the water used is furnished by the Colorado River, and this area needs still more water in the immediate years ahead. But it cannot get more from the natural supply of the Colorado. T

Amid growing pressures from climate change and population growth, water availability in the Colorado River Basin is declining while demand continues to rise. At the Water Dialogue Lab at the University of California, Riverside (UCR), Prof Mehdi Nemati and his colleagues, Dr Daniel Crespo, Prof Ariel

Alarm calling is an important antipredator behaviour by which individuals alert conspecifics and heterospecifics of possible danger and/or ward off potential predators. The propensity to utter calls may reflect the amount of risk an individual experiences and a variety of other internal and environm

Raising offspring is one of the most important roles of mothers in many species. We studied maternal care in yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) and how it is affected by stress. Stress helps these rodents survive hazardous situations. To study this, we observed the marmots at The Rocky Mo

Mountain White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) are unique in that their nestlings, which require parental care for 9 days before fledging, have a 25% higher metabolic rate than other open-nesting passerines. This unusually high energetic demand requires that parents frequently fee

Insect herbivores consume plant tissue, reducing plant fitness in the process. In response, plants have evolved a variety of mechanical and chemical defenses to protect themselves. This paper focuses on trichomes, which are hair-like appendages that extend from leaf tissues, and plants use them as a

Parasites have the potential to alter population dynamics by decreasing fitness and increasing mortality of their hosts. Changes in ecosystems may also create scenarios that are more conducive to higher infection or parasitism. This survey examined parasitism of Bombus by Crithidia bombi, Nosema bom

Local temperature increases and more frequent extreme rainfall events are predicted effects of climate change at high latitudes (IPCC 2007). Precipitation regimes are also shifting, but science is less able to predict these patterns (IPCC 2007). Water balance is critical as it ultimately drives prim

Red-naped sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus nuchalis) are an integral part of the aspen (Populus tremuloides) ecosystem in the montane western U.S. They are a double keystone species, providing both shelter and nutrients to a variety of organisms within the system. Numerous studies have documented the importa

Invasive species is destructive to many habitats because it prevents several native species to grow. Controlling invasive species is challenging because invasive also prefer conditions what native likes (Gusewell 2004). The purpose of the experiment was to manipulate the nutrient available to L. vul

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE) participate in symbiotic relationships with host plants in the Rocky Mountains. The effects of plant-host phenology on these fungal symbionts is important in our understanding of how climate changes effects on plants will change th

! Gynodioecity is prolific within some angiosperm populations. These coexisting individuals within the same population will either be females that canʼt produce pollen, or hermaphrodites which can. Our study attempted to peer into the reasoning behind female persistence in Polemonium foliosissimum,

Due to climatic changes, sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana) is likely to increase its elevational range in the Rocky Mountains, which could have significant effect on alpine communities. Little is known about the demographics of sagebrush populations, partially due to difficulties in age