Populus tremuloides is a keystone species found throughout North America. P. tremuloides aids the regeneration of eco systems, however as climate changes, the health of P. tremuloides is changing. P. tremuloides populations are on the decline in the American southwest, and with time it could affect

Forest ecology research is being revolutionized with the advent of remote sensing. Remote sensing is more accurate and reliable than previous methods for assessing forest dynamics, so it is important to generate workflows for assessing them. The forests of the Gothic townsite are an underutilized su

Climate change is a current issue that impacts ecosystems and the natural processes within them. Through the variance of factors such as, temperature, precipitation and hydrology due to climate change key processes such as nutrient cycling are affected. This study focused on the movement of nitrogen

The distance at which animals move away from threats, flight initiation distance (FID), is often used to study antipredator behavior and risk assessment. Variation in FID is explained by a variety of internal and external biotic and physical factors, including anthropogenic activities. Most prior st

To understand bumblebee thermal limitations a controlled experient was built and tested in different environmental conditions to determine the most stable form of conducting upper and lower thermal trials in the field. The study was conducted at field sites located at the Rocky Mountain Biological L

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This study investigated inconstancy in the sex-expression of male flowers across populations of Edible Valerian (Valeriana edulis) as well as potential drivers of its variation. Though Valeriana edulis is dioecious (individuals typically have separate sexes), plants showing dominant male sex-express

The invasion of the European perennial Linaria vulgaris to the alpine environment of Colorado may lead to competition for natural resources, space, and pollinators with native species. I measured the effects on fitness of L. vulgaris on three plant species native to Colorado, using both hand-pollina

Plant-pollinator interactions are extremely familiar to many different ecosystems all over the world. Many floral species and pollinators have developed intricate and essential adaptations to benefit one another. Aspects of plant reproduction require pollinator visits and many pollinators rely on fl