Some plant pathogens attract pollinating insects and thus have the potential to influence the pollination of flowers, just as different flower species can influence one another's pollination. Showy, flower—like pseudoflowers caused by the rust fungus Puccinia monoica on Arabis holboellii (Brassicace

• Premise of the study: Plants are flowering earlier in response to climate change. However, substantial interannual variation in phenology may make it difficult to discern and compare long‐term trends. In addition to providing insight on data requirements for discerning such trends, phenological sh

It is concluded that predation alone cannot explain variation in population dynamics of either mayfly species; and the relative importance of predation is species- and environment-specific compared to non-predatory losses, such as other agents of mortality and non-consumptive effects of predators.

Understanding the causes and limits of population divergence in phenotypic traits is a fundamental aim of evolutionary biology, with the potential to yield predictions of adaptation to environmental change. Reciprocal transplant experiments and the evaluation of optimality models suggest that local

Recent research shows that fungal exploitation of pollinators has the potential to affect floral evolution, pollination ecology, plant life history traits, as well as disease-transmission dynamics and fungal evolution.

Dispersal among spatially subdivided populations and variability in local habitat patch quality can strongly affect local and regional population dynamics. A metapopulation of mayflies (Callibaetis ferrugineus hageni) was studied in which larvae developed in beaver ponds and emerged to the terrestri

Climate change is affecting both the timing of life history events and the spatial distributions of many species, including plants and pollinators. Shifts in phenology and range affect not only individual plant and pollinator species but also interactions among them, with possible negative consequen

By sampling standing crop of nectar in a D. nelsonii population during periods of both high and low bumblebee abundance evidence was gathered indicating that hot and cold spots are caused by bumblebees.

Phenotypic manipulations of two or more traits in combination provide a direct way of testing for selection of floral trait associations. Such experiments will be particularly valuable if rooted in hypotheses about differences between types of pollinators and tied to a proposed evolutionary history.

Abstract Groundwater interactions with mountain streams are often simplified in model projections, potentially leading to inaccurate estimates of streamflow response to climate change. Here, using a high-resolution, integrated hydrological model extending 400 m into the subsurface, we find groundwat

Results of this study suggest that the wing whistle of male broad-tailed hummingbirds is important in maintenance of courting territories and hence in reproductive success.

Based on previous studies, extreme ( 99%) self‐sterility in scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata) appears to be involved in late‐acting ovarian self‐incompatibility (OSI). Here, we confirm this suggestion by comparing structural events that follow from cross‐ vs. self‐pollinations of I. aggregata. Gro

The hypothesis that a sychrony of the time of seed dispersal and the period when most ants (mutualists) and least rodents (predators) are active would be advantageous to the plant species is discussed.

• This research tested the hypothesis that experimental infrared warming will reduce photosynthesis for the evergreen shrub Artemisia tridentata and the subalpine, herbaceous Erythronium grandiflorum exposed to an in situ experimental freezing event during the spring snowmelt period. • Photosyntheti

Standard metabolic rates of both species are more thermally dependent than comparable values for lowland relatives and thermal sensitivity of physiological functions may have distinct advantages over thermally compensated rates in the short growing season and daily thermal fluctuations of the montan

To explore mechanistic constraints on the evolution of optimal phenotypes, we develop an optimality model for thermoregulation in Colias butterflies. The model identifies the thermoregulatory characteristics of butterflies that maximize time available for flight activity subject to an overheating co

Pollen discounting, a reduction in success as an outcross pollen parent as a result of selfing, can reduce or eliminate the reproductive advantage commonly attributed to selfing. Previous estimates of pollen discounting have been based on segregation analysis of progeny from open-pollinated plants.

In situ behavioral experiments were conducted in flow-through observation boxes in a Colorado and a New York stream to compare and contrast the cercal responses of Ephemerellidae and Baetidae mayflies to predaceous stoneflies. Ephemerella infrequens (Colorado) exhibited primarily a posture when touc