Seasonal movements of a subalpine population of metamorphic tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum, were explored from 1990 to 1992. Metamorphic adults bred in permanent and semipermanent habitats during June of each year. After breeding, soma individuals returned to the terrestrial environ

Climate change affects species and their interactions, resulting in novel communities and modified ecosystem processes. Through shifts in phenology and distribution, climatic change can disrupt interactions, including those between mutualists. Mutualisms influence the structure and stability of comm

Species distributions are responding rapidly to global change. While correlative studies of local extinction have been vital to understanding the ecological impacts of global change, more mechanistic lines of inquiry are needed for enhanced forecasting. The current study assesses whether the predict

• Premise of the study: Climate change threatens to alter the timing and magnitude of abiotic cues that synchronize mast flowering, such as temperature and precipitation. Climate change may therefore alter the frequency of masting, in turn affecting species in the community that use pulsed resources

In studies of refuge use as a form of antipredator behavior, where prey hide in response to a predator's approach, factors such as foraging costs and the perceived risk in a predator's approach have been shown to influence the hiding behavior of prey. Because few studies of waiting games have focuse

Global warming is extending growing seasons in temperate zones, yielding earlier wildflower blooms. Short-term field experiments with non-social bees showed that adult emergence is responsive to nest substrate temperatures. Nonetheless, some posit that global warming will decouple bee flight and hos

A chronosequence study of permanent plots spanning 45 years on a 70-year-old subalpine earthflow in south-western Colorado suggests that it is the severe microclimate of the earthflow which is limiting further colonization of the site.

Abstract Human activity has been shown to influence how animals assess the risk of predation, but we know little about the spatial scale of such impacts. We quantified how vigilance and flight behavior in mule deer Odocoileus hemionus varied with distance from an area of concentrated human activity—

We measured thalli diameters of the lichen Rhizocarpon subgenus Rhizocarpon on 48 individual lobes of 18 rock glaciers and rock glacier complexes in the Elk Mountains and Sawatch Range of central Colorado. Cumulative probability distribution and K-means clustering analyses were used to separate lich

AbstractThis paper reports the results of pilot‐study efforts to develop methods to profile quartzite, a rock type to which geochemical and other sourcing techniques have only rarely been applied. The long‐term goal of the research is to fingerprint sources of quartzite in the Gunnison Basin, southw

Bedrock property quantification is critical for predicting the hydrological response of watersheds to climate disturbances. Estimating bedrock hydraulic properties over watershed scales is inherently difficult, particularly in fracture-dominated regions. Our analysis tests the covariability of above

Resolution of the controversy about the origin of this evaporitic limestone and gypsum unit is possible only if the position that the Todilto is exclusively marine or exclusively nonmarine is abandoned. The Todilto Formation was deposited in a coastal body of saline water (a salina) adjacent to the

Estimation of the number of species at spatial scales too large to census directly is a long- standing ecological challenge. A recent comprehensive census of tropical arthropods and trees in Panama provides a unique opportunity to apply an inference procedure for up-scal- ing species richness and th

The results suggest that elevated baseline FGM levels failed to mediate reproductive suppression in marmots, highlighting the importance of social status, body condition and predator abundance on determining reproductive success in highly seasonal breeders.

In the East Brush Creek area a calcareous siltstone bed contains numerous cylindrical structures normal to the bedding. The bed is 35 feet above the "Shinarump" conglomerate of other workers in the region. The conglomerate is here considered Permian(?) rather than Triassic, because the Shinarump of

Projections of greenhouse gas concentrations over the twenty-first century generally rely on two optimistic, but questionable, assumptions about the carbon cycle: 1) that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations will enhance terrestrial carbon storage and 2) that plant migration will be fast relative

Phytophagous insects that deposit eggs directly on hosts confront a plant world of variable quality. Some studies to date provide evidence for positive relationships between the site of oviposition and offspring success, as expected if females choose sites of high quality or if they or their offspri

A number of hypotheses are presented to explain why the parasite causes increased predation on its host, including the large size of the parasite affecting the sensory abilities of the host, the larger energetic costs of escape behavior for parasitized individuals, and natural selection from fish pr

Species' geographic range shifts toward higher latitudes and elevations are among the most frequently reported consequences of climate change. However, the role of species interactions in setting range margins remains poorly understood. We used cage experiments in ponds to test competing hypotheses

Journal Article Food Supply and Nest Timing of Broad-Tailed Hummingbirds in the Rocky Mountains Get access Nickolas M. Waser Nickolas M. Waser Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tuscan, Arizona 85721 and Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorad