The nonlinearity and fear hypothesis predicts that the structure of alarm vocalizations will be influenced by the signaller's internal state. Specifically, stressed or otherwise more aroused individuals will produce alarm calls that are relatively more nonlinear (i.e. they sound noisier). The positi

Abstract. 1. Mating patterns in a natural population of checkerspot butterflies, Euphydryas editha Boisduval, were investigated by dusting male external genitalia with fluorescent dyes and examining mated females under UV light. 2. These dyes may have diverse applications in studies of insect popula

While many studies document specific human impacts on the behaviour and physiological responses of wildlife to humans

We use metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) to understand single-carbon (C1) compound-cycling-particularly methane-cycling-microorganisms in montane riparian floodplain sediments. We generated 1,233 MAGs (>50% completeness and n = 57). Methanogens, found only in deep, anoxic depths at SR, originate f

In the Colorado River, hydrologic and legal conditions create difficulty in sharing water effectively and equitably during a deep 22-year drought. Demand outstrips supply, water entitlements are over-appropriated, and institutional arrangements are nearly gridlocked. The crisis poses challenges not

Pollinator exclusion bags for small herbaceous plants are much more convenient to apply and remove if their bottom edge is made in the form of a cloth tunnel loaded with sand to conform to the terrain. Damage and inadvertent selfing of flowers are minimized.

Corydalis caseana ssp. brandegei (Fumariaceae) is a perennial plant that grows in moist, subalpine regions of south central Colorado, USA. Prior to this study, nothing was known of its reproductive biology. The most numerous visitors (59%), and the only known pollinators, were long-tongued bumblebee

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsRobert StouferRobert Stoufer, a long-time mineral collector, owns a mineral and gift shop in Ouray, Colorado.Tom RosemeyerTom Rosemeyer, owner of Red Mountain Exploration, writes the "Through the 'Sco

Caloric equivalents for aboveground parts of Rocky Mountain subalpine and alpine herbaceous plants averaged 4,859 cal/g ash-free oven-dry weight. Ash content averaged 9.8% for 17 forbs. Both caloric content and ash content ranged higher than values for alpine species from New Hampshire.

Field studies that simulate the effects of climate change are important for a predictive understanding of ecosystem responses to a changing environment. Among many concerns, regional warming can result in advanced timing of spring snowmelt in snowpack dependent ecosystems, which could lead to longer

Using a densimeter technique, a kinetic analysis was made, employing both entrance and exit studies, of the permeability of erythrocytes of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), German brown trout (Salmo trutta) and cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) to glycerol, ethylene

The phenology of vegetation, namely leaf-out and senescence, can influence the Earth’s climate over regional spatial scales and long time periods (e.g., over 30 years or more), in addition to microclimates over local spatial scales and shorter time periods (weeks to months). However, the effects of

Abstract Species that hibernate live longer than would be expected based solely on their body size. Hibernation is characterized by long periods of metabolic suppression (torpor) interspersed by short periods of increased metabolism (arousal). The torpor-arousal cycles occur multiple times during hi

material.It is in good demand at prices up to $x2 per unit of tungsten-trioxide, making 70 per cent.ore worth $840 per ton.The following paragraphs describe some of these gold and tungsten deposits in the southwestern part of the county, in the vicinity of Eldora and Nederland, from data obtained du