Primary nectar-robbers feed through holes they make in flowers, often bypassing the plant's reproductive organs in the process. In many robbed plants, multiple holes are made in a single flower. Why a flower should be robbed repeatedly is difficult to understand: a hole signals that a nectar forager

Abstract This research hypothesizes that changes in command and control along with increased levels of trust and training led to a stronger response in Colorado’s 2013 Black Forest fire than that of the 2012 Waldo Canyon fire. Because the fires were categorized as the worst in the region’s history,

Abstract Variations in tree water sources are important to understand in semi‐arid ecosystems because climatic shifts towards lower snowpack and increased drought affect water availability in subalpine forests of the western US. Here, we use daily in situ measurements of stable isotopes ( 2 H 18 O)

The nonlinearity and fear hypothesis predicts that highly aroused vocal mammals and birds produce vocalizations (notably alarm calls and screams) which contain a variety of nonlinear phenomena (NLP). Such vocalizations often sound “noisy” because vocal production systems are over-blown when animals

A recent article in American Antiquity entitled “Symposium on River Valley Archaeology” summarizes the present status of one of our most important and urgent problems in American archaeology today. Additional information concerning this subject, particularly with reference to the progress made in th

A winter orographic cloud seeding program has been conducted in the Gunnison, Colorado region for the past eight winter seasons. The intended target area is elevations above 9,000 feet MSL that provide streamflow to Blue Mesa Resevoir located in western Gunnison County. The goal of this operational

A survey of granitic rock surfaces, talus and outcrops, at 25 sites in Rocky Mountain National Park yielded 81 saxicolous lichen species. Fifteen species in 11 genera, or 19% of the total species, were dominant. Observed only once were 31% or 25 species. No new species were reported. Our results sho

A right theropod pedal ungual phalanx II-3 from the Campanian Williams Fork Formation of northwestern Colorado is described, and a combination of features, including the large size, tapering distal tip, robust and stout overall form, triangular cross-section, and a relatively flat ventral surface al

Journal Article Gray Bull Mammals from the Knight Formation in Moffat County, Colorado Get access Malcolm C. McKenna Malcolm C. McKenna Department of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume

on uplands. Torreya 14: 167-194. 1914; IV. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 169-217. 1915; V. Plant societies along rivers and streams. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 235-264. 1916; VI. The plant associations of eroding areas along the seacoast. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 47: 80-117. 1920; VII. The plant associat

*Work supported by a grant from the Penrose Fund of the American Philosophical Society.

Conservationists have long contended, largely in impressionistic terms, that 70 years of American dam building and water diversion have destroyed the biological richness of the Colorado River delta, a key nursery of marine life at the end of the Southwest's great watercourse. Now researchers have co

In the present report are discussed the partial results of extensive collections of Tipuloidea that were taken in the vicinity of Gothic, Gunnison Co., Colorado, in 1934, chiefly by Mrs. Alexander and the writer. It is hoped that we will be able to make a detailed survey of the crane-flies of the en

Published data concerning the standard weight in lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) and brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) have been established. The standard weights were used to compute relative weights for data collected in the spring and summer of 2011 for brown trout and lake trout in the Blue Mesa

The nests, with one exception, have been placed on horizontal limbs of a distance of from five to fifteen feet out from the trunk of the tree, and from seven to thirty feet high. On July 15, 1907, a nest containing young just hatched was found placed about seven feet up, and in, next to the body of

Genetic variability at 27 loci was analyzed in four populations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) from Colorado. Estimates of mean heterozygosity [Formula: see text] ranged from 0.5 to 1.4%. These results are among the lowest estimates of [Formula: see text] reported for a mammal having a broad distribut