Concepts

The cycling of chemical elements between living organisms and the physical environment, particularly carbon and nitrogen cycles

Transfer of genetic material between organisms through mechanisms other than vertical inheritance

The cycling of iron between different chemical forms including soluble ferrous iron (Fe(II)) and ferric iron (Fe(III)) based on oxygen availability

The relationship between a host organism and its associated microbial community, including costs and benefits to host fitness

Tree mortality and ecosystem disruption caused by bark beetle infestation, resulting in pulsed release of conifer needles and altered biogeochemical cycling

Environmental contamination by heavy metals from mining activities affecting freshwater ecosystems

DNA sequences that can move or be transferred between different positions within genomes or between genomes

Clustered viral sequences representing distinct viral taxa based on genomic similarity thresholds

Properties of materials that inhibit microbial growth and decomposition

Transport of nano- to microscale particles through porous media and across environmental interfaces

The ability to extract nutrients from consumed food, measured here by frass mass relative to provision mass and extent of pollen grain digestion

Biogeochemical model that accounts for moisture-dependent activation and dormancy of distinct microbial communities at different effective saturations

The reducing or oxidizing capacity of a system that determines a river or floodplain's ability to break down waste products and recycle carbon and nutrients

The variety and distribution of small circular single-stranded DNA viruses that infect bacteria