Concepts

A modeling approach where downslope flow responds to rainfall or snowmelt recharge through accommodating new recharge within a rising water table within a thicker and more transmissive saturated zone

Subsurface conditions where chemical transport is limited to diffusion rather than advection, creating oxygen-depleted anoxic conditions

Process controlling environmental tracer and groundwater age distributions in fractured rock systems through diffusive exchange between fractures and rock matrix

Parameters including recharge temperature, elevation, and excess-air conditions that control dissolved noble gas concentrations in groundwater

The movement of eroded soil and rock particles by water flow

Overland flow that occurs when rainfall intensity exceeds the rate at which water can enter the soil

The difference between observed streamflow and expected or baseline streamflow, representing water shortage

Unsaturated zone above the water table where pore spaces contain both air and water

The integrated biogeochemical, hydrological, and ecological processes that control water, energy, and nutrient cycling within a watershed