Concepts

Duration that snowpack remains on the ground providing water inputs to trees

Temporal changes in groundwater storage volumes in response to climate variability and hydrologic forcing

The combined process of water evaporation from soil and plant surfaces and water transpiration from plant leaves, representing a major component of the water budget that increases with warming tempera...

The depth of water that would result from melting the snowpack, quantified as peak snow water equivalent and snow disappearance rate

The bidirectional exchange of water between groundwater aquifers and surface water bodies including streams, with groundwater contributing baseflow to streams and streams providing recharge to groundw...

The study of water cycling processes in mountainous terrain, including complex interactions between snowpack dynamics, topography, vegetation, and subsurface water storage

The degree to which water movement is facilitated or impeded through connected flow paths in subsurface sediments

Shallow subsurface zone where river and groundwater mix, serving as a source or sink of reactive nitrogen depending on water residence times and nitrogen transformation rates

Coupled modeling approach simulating surface and subsurface hydrologic processes including groundwater flow and particle tracking

Accounting framework where annual discharge equals precipitation minus evapotranspiration minus storage changes

Chemical composition of water occupying soil pore spaces, indicating mobility of dissolved constituents

October through September annual cycle used for water resource analysis

An approximation of non-water stressed evapotranspiration calculated using energy-only methods from net radiation estimates

Naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen (²H) and oxygen (¹⁸O) in water molecules used to trace water sources and movement through soil-plant systems

The relationship between solute concentrations and discharge in streams, widely used as a metric for interpreting interaction of hydrological processes, chemical transport, and mineral reactions in wa...

The movement of water from the soil to the plant's stomata which is then released into the atmosphere, serving as an indicator of plant water status

Distributions that provide fundamental insights on hydrological processes within watersheds by describing how long water spends underground

The division of water flow between different hydrological pathways including surface flow, shallow subsurface flow, and deep groundwater flow

Redox-stratified and temporally dynamic sediments in river corridors where biological processes mediate sulfur transformations

Concentration-discharge pattern where solute concentrations remain relatively constant across flow conditions, indicated by C-Q slope near zero

Speed of water flow in streams, affecting nutrient movement and algal composition

Statistical approach to quantify proportional contributions of different water sources to mixed samples using tracer concentrations

The amount of water stored in soil and subsurface compartments that responds dynamically to hydrological inputs and outputs

Mathematical equation describing water flow in partially saturated soils by relating volumetric soil water content to constitutive relations

The downward movement of water from surface water to groundwater, occurring through infiltration and percolation processes and declining under warming due to increased evapotranspiration

High spatial resolution climate modeling at sub-kilometer scales for hydrological applications

Different trajectory of C-Q relationships during rising and falling limbs of hydrographs that indicate differences in timing of hydrological response from surface and subsurface compartments