Concepts

Global temperature increase and associated changes in precipitation patterns and extreme weather affecting ecosystems worldwide

Raw material on which ecological and evolutionary processes act - variation of traits within species that can mediate responses to biotic and abiotic factors

Variation in interspecific interactions across time periods over which organisms co-occur that leads to flexible network structure

Temporal variation in environmental conditions measured as standard deviation of temperature and vegetation indices

How tree growth and biomass allocation patterns change based on local neighborhood tree density and competition

Variation in organismal body size both within and between species, influenced by environmental and genetic factors

Variation in soil moisture conditions creating distinct dry and wet meadow habitat types

The geographic or environmental boundaries beyond which species cannot persist, potentially influenced by biotic interactions

Geographic patterns in biodiversity and chemical diversity across latitudinal and environmental gradients

Internal aboveground symbionts living within plant tissues that can produce alkaloids for plant defense