Concepts

Pattern of fire occurrence including frequency, intensity, and timing that shapes ecosystem dynamics

Mountain ecosystem characterized by specific elevation, climate, and vegetation adapted to montane conditions

The horizontal and vertical distribution of components of a forest stand including the height, diameter, crown layers, and stems of trees, shrubs, herbaceous understory, snags, and down woody debris

The difference between the amount of moisture in the air and how much moisture the air can hold when it is saturated, indicating evaporative demand

Mathematical relationships that describe how tree dimensions and biomass scale with each other

Automated algorithms for identifying and delineating individual trees from LiDAR point cloud data

Analytical framework using isotopic signatures to determine proportional contributions of different water sources to plant water uptake

Growth measurements adjusted to remove the effect of age-dependent growth patterns, allowing isolation of environmental factors on growth

The ability of young trees to successfully establish and survive in a given environment

The distance between branch whorls on conifers, used to measure annual growth

Technique using overlapping images from different perspectives to construct 3D models of forest structure

Light detection and ranging technology using laser pulses to create detailed 3D maps of vegetation structure