Concepts

Automated algorithms for identifying and delineating individual trees from LiDAR point cloud data

Growth measurements adjusted to remove the effect of age-dependent growth patterns, allowing isolation of environmental factors on growth

The distance between branch whorls on conifers, used to measure annual growth

Technique using overlapping images from different perspectives to construct 3D models of forest structure

Light detection and ranging technology using laser pulses to create detailed 3D maps of vegetation structure