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Watershed Hydrology, Geomorphology, and Remote Sensing in Mountain Basins

Integrates high-resolution remote sensing, geophysical surveys, and biogeochemical modeling to understand how mountain watershed structure, fluvial dynamics, and elemental cycling interact across elevation gradients in the East River basin and beyond.

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Knowledge Graph (641 nodes, 3298 connections)

Research Primer

Background

Mountain watersheds like those of the East River and Coal Creek near Gothic, Colorado, are the source of much of the western United States' water supply. Roughly 80% of the precipitation in the headwaters of the Colorado River falls as snow, and the timing and volume of snowmelt determine when and how much water reaches downstream cities, farms, and ecosystems. Research in this area asks how water moves from snowflakes on a high ridge through soils, bedrock, plants, and stream channels to become river flow — and how that journey shapes water chemistry, forest health, and the ability of the basin to weather drought.

A few core ideas are essential for the findings that follow. The critical zone is the thin layer from the top of the forest canopy down through soils and into fractured bedrock where water, rock, and life interact. Within it, groundwater recharge is the process by which snowmelt and rain percolate downward to refill subsurface storage, and interflow is the lateral movement of water through shallow soils before it joins streams or deeper aquifers. Watershed resilience refers to the degree to which a basin can rebound from disturbances such as multi-year droughts. Hydrologic connectivity describes how well separate stores of water — snowpack, soil moisture, hyporheic zones (the wet sediments beneath and beside a stream), and groundwater — communicate with one another at any given time.

Researchers also rely on several measurement and modeling tools that recur throughout this primer. Stable water isotopes (the natural ratios of heavy to light hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water) act as fingerprints that distinguish snowmelt from summer rain or shallow soil water from deep groundwater. Airborne hyperspectral imaging and LiDAR from aircraft and drones map forest structure, foliar chemistry, and snow cover at fine spatial scale. Integrated hydrologic models such as ParFlow simulate the full water cycle from canopy to deep bedrock. Together these approaches let scientists trace water from precipitation through the landscape and project how mountain basins will respond to a warmer, drier future.

Foundational work

Early research established two pillars of this neighborhood. The first was a recognition that southwestern forests are climatically vulnerable: a continental tree-ring synthesis showed that drought and warmth had driven declining growth and rising mortality across the region during the 20th century, with bark beetle and wildfire impacts accelerating after the mid-1980s (Williams et al., 2010). Land-use history of the East River Valley itself documented how human activity has reshaped the Gunnison Basin landscape over the past century (Theobald et al., 1996).

The second pillar was the development of the East River, Colorado, as a community watershed observatory. Beginning in 2016, a 300-square-kilometer testbed was instrumented to integrate hydrology, biogeochemistry, microbiology, and remote sensing across scales (Hubbard et al., 2018). Early work there used end-member mixing analyses across nested basins to show that groundwater contributes 12-33% of mean annual streamflow and as much as half of baseflow, and that recharge concentrates in the upper subalpine where snow accumulates beneath open canopies (Carroll et al., 2018). Companion studies linked stream chemistry to source-water mixing, demonstrating that flushing and dilution patterns in solutes reflect the alternating dominance of organic-rich shallow soil water and solute-rich groundwater (Zhi et al., 2019).

Key findings

A central result across the community is that groundwater is a stable backbone of mountain streamflow, and that its importance grows during drought. Combining LiDAR snow observations with integrated modeling, researchers showed that snowmelt is funneled by topography toward convergent zones in the upper subalpine, producing preferential recharge that is relatively resilient to drought, while interflow declines in dry years as plants take up more shallow water (Carroll et al., 2019). Quantitative work on water partitioning across nine catchments found that snow contributes about 94% of summer streamflow, while only 8% of summer rain reaches streams — most is returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration (Carroll et al., 2022). The summer monsoon, despite delivering nearly a fifth of annual precipitation, generates only about 10% of streamflow (Carroll et al., 2020).

Forests mediate this water balance in ways that are now being mapped in detail. Long-term experiments at RMBL showed that 23 years of warming advanced snowmelt by roughly 7.7 days, shifted plant communities from forbs toward shrubs, and altered soil carbon storage — and that ambient ecosystems are tracking the same trajectory (Harte et al., 2015). Tree-ring oxygen isotopes revealed that conifers preferentially use snowmelt but switch to summer rain in wet years, hinting at flexible rooting strategies (Berkelhammer et al., 2020). Lagrangian particle tracking in integrated models confirmed that evapotranspiration can draw on water that is many years old, and that plants opportunistically tap younger water when it is available (Maxwell et al., 2019). Remote sensing has scaled these insights: airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR campaigns over the Upper East River successfully mapped foliar nitrogen, leaf mass per area, and water content, and distinguished needle from non-needle vegetation with very high accuracy (Chadwick et al., 2020).

A third strand connects water flow paths to chemistry and microbial life. Reactive transport modeling of meander bends in the East River demonstrated that hyporheic flow drives lateral oxygen and nitrate gradients that control how much carbon and iron the floodplain exports to the river (Dwivedi et al., 2018). Beneath the snowpack, distinct microbial life strategies — winter-adapted, snowmelt-specialist, and spring-adapted communities — drive a pulse of nitrogen as snow melts (Sorensen et al., 2020). And recent integrated modeling has issued a stark projection: in a warmer climate, increased forest water use reduces groundwater recharge, groundwater storage cannot recover even during wet years, and streamflow declines are projected to be largest in the Colorado Headwater and Gunnison basins (Carroll et al., 2024).

Current frontier

With 94 of the 147 publications appearing since 2020, the field has moved rapidly toward higher-resolution observations and toward subsurface processes that older models ignored. Recent analyses attribute most of the post-2000 Colorado River streamflow decline to spring precipitation losses combined with rising potential evapotranspiration (Hogan & Lundquist, 2024). New isotope methods using deuterium-excess values now let researchers infer that high-elevation snowpack above 3200 meters supplies up to 70% of streamflow at peak melt (Sprenger et al., 2024). In situ water isotope measurements show aspen trees rapidly switching to deep soil water during dry spells, but unable to fully compensate for shallow-soil drying (Sprenger et al., 2025), while sap-flow networks reveal that dense and open subalpine canopies respond very differently to interannual snow and rain variability (Berkelhammer et al., 2025).

The newest modeling frontier focuses on what lies hundreds of meters beneath the surface. Studies using particle tracking and helium-tritium dating show that fracture-matrix diffusion controls the mix of young and old groundwater on hillslopes (Thiros et al., 2025), and that the depth and porosity of bedrock circulation strongly buffer streamflow during multi-year droughts (Carroll et al., 2025). Watershed-scale LiDAR is being used with novel Bayesian record-linkage methods to track individual tree growth across years (Drew et al., 2025), and to relate forest structure to snow water equivalent and snow disappearance rate as the dominant abiotic drivers (Worsham et al., 2025). Together with stream-chemistry synoptics that link surface processes to weathering across landforms (Slosson et al., 2025) and to hidden subsurface heterogeneity (Johnson et al., 2025), this work signals a shift from describing watershed behavior to mechanistically predicting it.

Open questions

Several large unknowns will shape the next decade of research. How deep does active groundwater circulation extend in fractured mountain bedrock, and how much of that storage is accessible to streams during prolonged drought? How will subalpine forests reorganize as snowpacks shrink — will canopy density, rooting depth, and species composition adjust quickly enough to keep transpiration in balance with available water, or will widespread mortality reset the hydrologic system? Can fine-scale remote sensing, isotope tracers, and integrated models be combined to forecast which sub-basins in the Gunnison region are most vulnerable to streamflow decline, intermittent flows, and degraded water quality? And how will hyporheic zones, beaver-influenced floodplains, and microbial communities continue to buffer or amplify the chemical signature of a changing snowpack? Answering these questions will require sustained observatories like the East River testbed, continued integration of disciplines, and a willingness to look as carefully beneath the ground as above it.

References

Berkelhammer, M., et al. (2020). Persistence and Plasticity in Conifer Water-Use Strategies. JGR Biogeosciences.

Berkelhammer, M., et al. (2025). Canopy structure modulates the sensitivity of subalpine forest stands to interannual snowpack and precipitation variability. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.

Carroll, R. W. H., Bearup, L. A., Brown, W., Dong, W., Bill, M., & Williams, K. H. (2018). Factors Controlling Seasonal Groundwater and Solute Flux from Snow-Dominated Basins. Hydrological Processes.

Carroll, R. W. H., Deems, J. S., Niswonger, R., Schumer, R., & Williams, K. H. (2019). The importance of interflow to groundwater recharge in a snowmelt-dominated headwater basin. Geophysical Research Letters.

Carroll, R. W. H., et al. (2020). Efficiency of the Summer Monsoon in Generating Streamflow Within a Snow-Dominated Headwater Basin of the Colorado River.

Carroll, R. W. H., et al. (2022). Variability of Snow and Rainfall Partitioning Into Evapotranspiration and Summer Runoff Across Nine Mountainous Catchments.

Carroll, R. W. H., et al. (2024). Declining groundwater storage expected to amplify mountain streamflow reductions in a warmer world. Nature Water.

Carroll, R. W. H., et al. (2025). The role of bedrock circulation depth and porosity in mountain streamflow response to prolonged drought. Geophysical Research Letters.

Chadwick, K. D., et al. (2020). Integrating airborne remote sensing and field campaigns for ecology and Earth system science. Methods in Ecology and Evolution.

Drew, P., et al. (2025). A Bayesian record linkage approach to applications in tree demography using overlapping LiDAR scans. Annals of Applied Statistics.

Dwivedi, D., et al. (2018). Geochemical exports to river from the intra-meander hyporheic zone under transient hydrologic conditions: East River Mountainous Watershed, Colorado. Water Resources Research.

Harte, J., Saleska, S. R., & Levy, C. (2015). Convergent ecosystem responses to 23-year ambient and manipulated warming link advancing snowmelt and shrub encroachment to transient and long-term climate-soil carbon feedback. Global Change Biology.

Hogan, D., & Lundquist, J. D. (2024). Recent Upper Colorado River Streamflow Declines Driven by Loss of Spring Precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters.

Hubbard, S. S., et al. (2018). The East River, Colorado, Watershed: A mountainous community testbed for improving predictive understanding of multiscale hydrological-biogeochemical dynamics. Vadose Zone Journal.

Johnson, K., et al. (2025). Hidden features: How subsurface and landscape heterogeneity govern hydrologic connectivity and stream chemistry in a montane watershed. Hydrological Processes.

Maxwell, R. M., et al. (2019). Exploring source water mixing and transient residence time distributions of outflow and evapotranspiration with an integrated hydrologic model and Lagrangian particle tracking approach. Ecohydrology.

Slosson, J., et al. (2025). Linking surface processes, solute generation, and CO2 budgets across lithological and land cover gradients in Rocky Mountain watersheds. Water Resources Research.

Sorensen, P. O., et al. (2020). The Snowmelt Niche Differentiates Three Microbial Life Strategies That Influence Soil Nitrogen Availability During and After Winter. Frontiers in Microbiology.

Sprenger, M., et al. (2024). Stream water sourcing from high-elevation snowpack inferred from stable isotopes of water: a novel application of d-excess values. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.

Sprenger, M., et al. (2025). Opportunistic short-term water uptake dynamics by subalpine trees observed via in situ water isotope measurements. Water Resources Research.

Theobald, D. M., Gosnell, H., & Riebsame, W. E. (1996). Land Use and Landscape Change in the Colorado Mountains II: A Case Study of the East River Valley. Mountain Research and Development.

Thiros, N., et al. (2025). Matrix diffusion controls mountain hillslope groundwater ages and inferred storage dynamics. Groundwater.

Williams, A. P., Allen, C. D., Millar, C. I., Swetnam, T. W., Michaelsen, J., Still, C. J., & Leavitt, S. W. (2010). Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Worsham, L., et al. (2025). Abiotic influences on continuous conifer forest structure across a subalpine watershed. Remote Sensing of Environment.

Zhi, W., Li, L., Dong, W., Brown, W., Kaye, J., Steefel, C., & Williams, K. H. (2019). Distinct Source Water Chemistry Shapes Contrasting Concentration-Discharge Patterns. Water Resources Research.

Concept (20) →

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Protocol (15) →

Custom VSWIR atmospheric correction with topographic compensation

A custom atmospheric correction procedure for VSWIR hyperspectral data that uses ACORN-6LX software with 200-meter processing kernels incorporating lo...

analytical7 papers

sUAS thermal infrared stream characterization

Use of small unoccupied aircraft systems with thermal infrared cameras to identify groundwater discharge zones in stream corridors through temperature...

measurement6 papers

Structure from Motion processing

Images were processed in Agisoft Metashape Software to derive a georeferenced dense point cloud and 3D model, then orthorectified and combined into a ...

analytical5 papers

Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor measurement

Uses WIBS-Neo (DMT) to detect fluorescent bioaerosol particles (0.5-30 microns) based on excitation at 280 nm and 370 nm with emission detection at 31...

measurement5 papers

Soil Profile Installation

Excavation of soil pits and installation of sensors at 5, 15, and 50 cm depths with proper soil horizon replacement.

experimental4 papers

Gravimetric water content determination

Fresh plant tissue is collected during peak hydration, weighed fresh, dried at controlled temperature, then reweighed to calculate water content as th...

measurement4 papers

Ray tracing shade mask generation

A custom ray tracing algorithm that generates shade masks for hyperspectral imagery by calculating paths between the sun, ground points, and sensor us...

computational4 papers

Random Forest Groundwater Time Series Imputation

A methodology using random forest algorithms to fill missing values in sub-hourly groundwater monitoring data with entropy-based uncertainty quantific...

computational3 papers

rpS3 marker gene analysis

Taxonomic classification of microbial communities using ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) marker genes identified through Hidden Markov Models and phylogene...

analytical3 papers

Deep learning hybrid predictive modeling for ecosystem fluxes

A novel approach combining LSTM neural networks with process-based ecological understanding to predict evapotranspiration and ecosystem respiration. T...

computationalstandardized3 papers
Show 5 more protocols

Author (63) →

Show 53 more authors

B. T. Greer

Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory5 works

Katherine Benedict

ORCID: 0000-0002-0530-88356 works

H. F. Malenda

3 works

Abu Sayeed Md Shawon

ORCID: 0000-0002-9309-57015 works

Keith A. Brugger

6 works

Lyndsay B Ball

ORCID: 0000-0002-6356-46934 works

I. J. Larsen

University of Massachusetts - AmherstORCID: 0000-0003-3094-48304 works

E. R. Woodburn

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory4 works

James F. Ranville

3 works

L. Anderson

USGS8 works

Emmanuel Leger

Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryORCID: 00000001766936224 works

Barbara A. Butler

2 works

Sophie Stauffer

3 works

Tristan Goulden

National Ecological Observation NetworkORCID: 0000-0001-9973-40794 works

A. Gutierrez

3 works

Martin G. Lockley

2 works

Jeffrey L Mauk

ORCID: 0000-0002-6244-27742 works

Gregory J. McCabe

2 works

Charles McIntire

Opti O2ORCID: 0000-0002-4791-70062 works

Brendon Quirk

University of Massachusetts - AmherstORCID: 0000-0001-5176-73222 works

Lavanya Ramakrishnan

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory2 works

David Brian Rogers

2 works

J. R. Slosson

ORCID: 0000-0001-9643-40462 works

Nick Spycher

2 works

United States Geological Survey

2 works

Nicholas Sutfin

Case Western Reserve UniversityORCID: 0000-0003-4429-78142 works

M. A. White

2 works

D. G. McGrath

2 works

Anna Ryken

Colorado Water Conservation BoardORCID: 0009-0001-9940-646X2 works

Ioana Stefanescu

University of Wyoming2 works

H. W. Singh

2 works

Andrew Thurber

2 works

Jessica Buser-Young

2 works

Francois Ritter

University of Illinois at Chicago2 works

Thomas Painter

5 works

Carroll Rosemary

Desert Research Institute2 works

Nadja Insel

Northeastern Illinois University2 works

Zhi Li

2 works

Benjamin Potter

2 works

C. Wong

4 works

E. T. Coon

Oak Ridge National LaboratoryORCID: 0000-0001-8124-96222 works

A. J. Hidy

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory3 works

Brian Saccardi Saccardi

2 works

Pin Shuai

Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryORCID: 0000-0003-2511-98282 works

barr b

2 works

JEFFREY P. COHN

2 works

Fredrick Colwell

2 works

Cian Dawson

ORCID: 0000-0001-7659-29442 works

Ruby N. Ghosh

Opti O2ORCID: 0000-0002-4337-76982 works

Genevieve Goebel

Dartmouth College2 works

Ronald L. Ives

2 works

M. Ryan King

2 works

L. L. Lapham

2 works

Publication (147) →

Show 137 more publications

Hidden features: How subsurface and landscape heterogeneity govern hydrologic connectivity and stream chemistry in a montane watershed

2025Hydrological Processesarticle

Hydrological control of rock carbon fluxes from shale weathering

2024Nature Waterarticle

Modeling the Impact of Riparian Hollows on River Corridor Nitrogen Exports

2021Frontiers in Waterarticle

Challenges in Building an End-to-End System for Acquisition, Management, and Integration of Diverse Data From Sensor Networks in Watersheds: Lessons From a Mountainous Community Observatory in East River, Colorado

2019IEEE Accessarticle

Remote Sensing-Informed Zonation for Understanding Snow, Plant and Soil Moisture Dynamics within a Mountain Ecosystem

2020Remote Sensingarticle

From legacy contamination to watershed systems science: a review of scientific insights and technologies developed through DOE-supported research in water and energy security

2022Environmental Research Lettersarticle

From tree to tap: The impacts of climate change on biogeochemical processes during conifer needle distribution and broader implications for water quality in Colorado

2021thesis

Declining groundwater storage expected to amplify mountain streamflow reductions in a warmer world

2024Nature Waterarticle

Snowmelt controls on concentration-discharge relationships and the balance of oxidative and acid-base weathering fluxes in an alpine catchment, East River, Colorado

2017Water Resources Researcharticle

Late Quaternary Paleoecology of Two High-Elevation Mammal Species from the Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA

2011thesis

Return flows from beaver ponds enhance floodplain-to-river metals exchange in alluvial mountain catchments

2019Science of the Total Environmentarticle

Seasonal manganese transport in the hyporheic zone of a snowmelt-dominated river (East River, Colorado)

2019thesis

Bedrock weathering contributes to subsurface reactive nitrogen and nitrous oxide emissions

2021Nature Geosciencearticle

Constraining Bedrock Groundwater Residence Times in a Mountain System With Environmental Tracer Observations and Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification

2023Water Resources Researcharticle

Watershed zonation through hillslope clustering for tractably quantifying above-and below-ground watershed heterogeneity and functions

2022Hydrology and Earth System Sciencesarticle

Seasonal Manganese Transport in the Hyporheic Zone of a Snowmelt-Dominated River (East River, Colorado)

2020Hydrogeology Journalarticle

Differential C-Q Analysis: A New Approach to Inferring Lateral Transport and Hydrologic Transients Within Multiple Reaches of a Mountainous Headwater Catchment

2020Frontiers in Waterarticle

Model-based interpretation of solute exports and carbon partitioning during shale weathering in a mountainous hillslope

2026Water Resources Researcharticle

Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982 to 2006

2009Global Change Biologyarticle

Mineralogical, magnetic and geochemical data constrain the pathways and extent of weathering of mineralized sedimentary rocks

2023Geochimica et Cosmochimica Actaarticle

Integrating airborne remote sensing and field campaigns for ecology and Earth system science

2020Methods in Ecologyarticle

Distinct Source Water Chemistry Shapes Contrasting Concentration-Discharge Patterns

2019Water Resources Researcharticle

Microbial communities across a hillslope-riparian transect shaped by proximity to the stream, groundwater table, and weathered bedrock

2019Ecology and Evolutionarticle

Controls from above and below: Snow, soil, and steepness drive diverging trends of subsurface water and streamflow dynamics

2025Hydrological Processesarticle

Depth- and time-resolved distributions of snowmelt-driven hillslope subsurface flow and transport and their contributions to surface waters.

2019Water Resources Researcharticle

Variability in observed stable water isotopes in snowpack across a mountainous watershed in Colorado

2022Hydrological Processesarticle

Aerobic respiration controls on shale weathering

2023Geochimica et Cosmochimica Actaarticle

Geochemical exports to river from the intra-meander hyporheic zone under transient hydrologic conditions: East River Mountainous Watershed, Colorado

2018Water Resources Researcharticle

Canopy structure modulates the sensitivity of subalpine forest stands to interannual snowpack and precipitation variability

2025Hydrology and Earth System Sciencearticle

Baseflow Age Distributions and Depth of Active Groundwater Flow in a Snow Dominated Mountain Headwater Basin

2020Water Resource Research doi 10.1029/2020WR028161article

Recent Upper Colorado River Streamflow Declines Driven by Loss of Spring Precipitation

2024Geophysical Research Lettersarticle

Understanding the Hydrogeochemical Response of a Mountainous Watershed Using Integrated Surface-Subsurface Flow and Reactive Transport Modeling

2022Water Resources Researcharticle

Matrix diffusion controls mountain hillslope groundwater ages and inferred storage dynamics

2025Groundwaterarticle

Streamflow partitioning and transit time distribution in snow-dominated basins as a function of climate

2019Journal of Hydrologyarticle

Shale as a Source of Organic Carbon in Floodplain Sediments of a Mountainous Watershed

2020JGR Biogeosciencesarticle

A deep learning hybrid predictive modeling (HPM) approach for estimating evapotranspiration and ecosystem respiration

2021Hydrology and Earth Systems Sciencearticle

BASIN-3D: A brokering framework to integrate diverse environmental data

2022Computers & Geosciencesarticle

Sulfur Biogeochemical Cycling and Redox Dynamics in a Shale-Dominated Mountainous Watershed

2022Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciencesarticle

Concentration-Discharge Relationships of Dissolved Rhenium in Alpine Catchments Reveal Its Use as a Tracer of Oxidative Weathering

2021Water Resources Researcharticle

Direct Observation of the Depth of Active Groundwater Circulation in an Alpine Watershed

2021Water Resources Researcharticle

Modeling Spatial Distribution of Snow Water Equivalent by Combining Meteorological and Satellite Data with Lidar Maps

2022Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systemsarticle

Improving predictions of stream CO2 concentrations and fluxes using a stream network model: A case study in the East River watershed, CO, USA

2021Global Biogeochemical Cyclesarticle

A tale of two catchments: causality analysis and isotope systematics reveal mountainous watershed traits that regulate the retention and release of nitrogen

2024JGR Biogeosciencesarticle

Shifting groundwater fluxes in bedrock fractures: Evidence from stream water radon and water isotopes

2024Journal of Hydrologyarticle

Geochemical Controls on Release and Speciation of Fe(II) and Mn(II) From Hyporheic Sediments of East River, Colorado

2020Frontiers in Waterarticle

Molecular diversity of dissolved organic matter reflects macroecological patterns in river networks

2025Scientific Reportsarticle

The effects of spatial and temporal resolution of gridded meteorological forcing on watershed hydrological responses

2022Hydrology and Earth System Sciencesarticle

Molecular nature of mineral-organic associations within redox-active mountainous floodplain sediments

2023ACS Earth and Space Chemistryarticle

Model and remote-sensing-guided experimental design and hypothesis generation for monitoring snow-soil–plant interactions

2024Frontiers in Waterarticle

Assessment of Spatiotemporal Variability of Evapotranspiration and Its Governing Factors in a Mountainous Watershed

2019Waterarticle

Advanced monitoring of soil-vegetation co-dynamics reveals the successive controls of snowmelt on soil moisture and on plant seasonal dynamics in a mountainous watershed

2023Frontiers in Earth Sciencearticle

Satellite-derived foresummer drought sensitivity of plant productivity in Rocky Mountain headwater catchments: spatial heterogeneity and geological-geomorphological control

2020Environmental Research Lettersarticle

Downscaled hyper-resolution (400 m) gridded datasets of daily precipitation and temperature (2008-2019) for East Taylor subbasin (western United States)

2022Earth System Science Data Discussionsarticle

Probabilistic Evaluation of Geoscientific Hypotheses With Geophysical Data. Application to Electrical Resistivity Imaging of a Fractured Bedrock Zone

2021Journal of Geophysical Researcharticle

The Snowmelt Niche Differentiates Three Microbial Life Strategies That Influence Soil Nitrogen Availability During and After Winter

2020Frontiers in Microbiology. doi 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00871article

Investigating Microtopographic and Soil Controls on a Mountainous Meadow Plant Community Using High-Resolution Remote Sensing and Surface Geophysical Data

2019Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciencesarticle

Meanders as a scaling motif for understanding of floodplain soil microbiome and biogeochemical potential at the watershed scale

2021Microbiomearticle

Stream water sourcing from high-elevation snowpack inferred from stable isotopes of water: a novel application of d-excess values

2024Hydrology and Earth System Sciencesarticle

Convergent ecosystem responses to 23-year ambient and manipulated warming link advancing snowmelt and shrub encroachment to transient and long-term climate–soil carbon feedback

2015Global Change Biologyarticle

Variability of Snow and Rainfall Partitioning Into Evapotranspiration and Summer Runoff Across Nine Mountainous Catchments

2022Geophysical Research Letters,article

Abiotic influences on continuous conifer forest structure across a subalpine watershed

2025Remote Sensing of Environmentarticle

Hydrology outweighs temperature in driving production and export of dissolved carbon in a snowy mountain catchment

2024Water Resources Researcharticle

Hyporheic Zone Microbiome Assembly Is Linked to Dynamic Water Mixing Patterns in Snowmelt-Dominated Headwater Catchments

2019Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciencesarticle

Modeling snow dynamics and stable water isotopes across mountain landscapes

2022Geophysical Research Lettersarticle

Predicting sedimentary bedrock subsurface weathering fronts and weathering rates

2019Scientific Reportsarticle

On the similarity of hillslope hydrologic function: a clustering approach based on groundwater changes

2022Hydrology and Earth System Sciencesarticle

Linking surface processes, solute generation, and CO2 budgets across lithological and land cover gradients in Rocky Mountain watersheds

2025Water Resources Researcharticle

Efficiency of the Summer Monsoon in Generating Streamflow Within a Snow-Dominated Headwater Basin of the Colorado River

2020Geophysical Research Letters. DOI 10.1029/2020GL090856article

A hybrid data-model approach to map soil thickness in mountain hillslopes

2021Earth Surface Dynamicsarticle

Relationships between CO2, thermodynamic limits on silicate weathering, and the strength of the silicate weathering feedback

2018Earth and Planetary Science Lettersarticle

A Bayesian record linkage approach to applications in tree demography using overlapping LiDAR scans

2025Annals of Applied Statisticsarticle

Contrasting the hydrologic response due to land cover and climate change in a mountain headwaters system

2016Ecohydrologyarticle

Water quality in dynamic redox environments: Coupled hydrologic-biogeochemical controls on metal contaminant mobility

2020thesis

Dwindling Groundwater Reserves Will Threaten Mountain Streamflow in a Warmer World

2023Research Squarearticle

Balancing the needs of consumers and producers for scientific data collections

2021Ecological Informaticsarticle

Soil Respiration Response to Rainfall Modulated by Plant Phenology in a Montane Meadow, East River, Colorado, USA

2020Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciencesarticle

Old-Aged groundwater contributes to mountain hillslope hydrologic dynamics

2024Journal of Hydrologyarticle

The role of bedrock circulation depth and porosity in mountain streamflow response to prolonged drought

2025Geophysical Research Lettersarticle

Automated Cloud Based Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network Based SWE Prediction

2020Frontiers in Waterarticle

The influence of orbital parameters on the North American Monsoon system during the Last Interglacial Period

2021Journal of Quaternary Sciencearticle

Beaver dams overshadow climate extremes in controlling riparian hydrology and water quality

2022Nature Communicationsarticle

Imputation of contiguous gaps and extremes of subhourly groundwater time series using random forests

2022Journal of Machine Learning for Modeling and Computingarticle

Three-Dimensional Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation Clear-Sky Effects in the Upper Colorado River Basin

2022Geophysical Research Lettersarticle

Leveraging groundwater dynamics to improve predictions of summer low-flow discharges

2023Water Resources Researcharticle

Variations in bedrock and vegetation cover modulate subsurface water flow dynamics of a mountainous hillslope

2024Water Resources Researcharticle

Resolution matters when modeling climate change in headwaters of the Colorado River

2020Environmental Research Lettersarticle

Seasonal controls on microbial depolymerization and oxidation of organic matter in floodplain soils

2024Environmental Science & Technologyarticle

Production of hydrogen peroxide in an intra-meander hyporheic zone at East River, Colorado

2022Scientific Reportsarticle

Efficient hydrogeological characterization of remote stream corridors using drones

2018Hydrological Processes. doi 10.1002/hyp.13332article

From grain to floodplain: Evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing

2019thesis

River thorium concentrations can record bedrock fracture processes including some triggered by distant seismic events

2023Nature Communicationsarticle

Interannual precipitation controls on soil CO2 fluxes in high elevation conifer and aspen forests

2023Environmental Research Lettersarticle

Hidden Processes During Seasonal Isolation of a High-Altitude Watershed

2021Frontiers in Earth Sciencearticle

The importance of interflow to groundwater recharge in a snowmelt-dominated headwater basin

2019Geophysical Researcharticle

Impact of intra-meander hyporheic flow on nitrogen cycling

2017Procedia Earth and Planetary Sciencearticle

Opportunistic short-term water uptake dynamics by subalpine trees observed via in situ water isotope measurements

2025Water Resources Researcharticle

Reactive iron, not fungal community, drives organic carbon oxidation potential in floodplain soils

2023Soil Biology and Biochemistryarticle

A distributed temperature profiling system for vertically and laterally dense acquisition of soil and snow temperature

2022The Cryospherearticle

Climate forcing controls on carbon terrestrial fluxes during shale weathering

2024Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesarticle

From Grain to Floodplain: Evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostatigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing.

2019Earth Surface Processes and Landformsarticle

Persistence and Plasticity in Conifer Water-Use Strategies

2020JGR Biogeosciencesarticle

Exploring source water mixing and transient residence time distributions of outflow and evapotranspiration with an integrated hydrologic model and Lagrangian particle tracking approach

2019Ecohydrologyarticle

Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States

2010Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesarticle

Using geochemical indicators to distinguish high biogeochemical activitiy in floodplain soils and sediments

2016Sci Total Environarticle

Statistical framework to assess long-term spatio-temporal climate changes: East River mountainous watershed case study

2022Stochastic environmental research and risk assessmentarticle

Virus diversity and activity is driven by snowmelt and host dynamics in a high-altitude watershed soil ecosystem

2023Microbiomearticle

Wetter summers mitigated temperature stress on Rocky Mountain forests during the last interglacial warm period

2021Geophysical Research Letters, e2021GL093678article

Using tree rings to predict the response of tree growth to climate change in the continental United States during the twenty-first century

2010Earth Interactionsarticle

Hyporheic Oxygen Dynamics in the East River, Colorado: Insights From an In‐Situ, High Frequency Time Series During Two Distinct Flow Seasons

2023Water Resources Researcharticle

Climate in the southern Sawatch Range and Elk Mountains, Colroado, U.S.A., during the last glacial maximum: inferences using a simple degree-day model

2010Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Researcharticle

Diurnal trends and meteorological factors influencing the variability of fluorescent bioaerosol in Mt. Crested Butte, Colorado during SAIL

2025Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheresarticle

Assessing the Role of Oxbow Deposits in Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics within Alpine Watersheds

2017student paper

Using time-lapse imagery to determine snow heterogeneity

2025student paper

Land Use and Landscape Change in the Colorado Mountains II: A Case Study of the East River Valley

1996Mountain Research and Developmentarticle

Effects of Dissolved Oxygen & Iron II Concentration Fluxes in Beaver-Impacted Floodplains

2024student paper

Stable isotopes reflect the ecological stability of two high-elevation mammals from the late Quaternary of Colorado

2012Quaternary Researcharticle

Late Quaternary vertebrates from the Upper Gunnison Basin, Colorado, and small-mammal community resilience to climate change since the last glacial maximum

2019Quaternary Researcharticle

Cosmogenic 10Be and 36Cl ages from late Pleistocene terminal moraine complexes in the Taylor River drainage basin, central Colorado, USA

2007Quaternary Science Reviewsarticle

Tree-Ring Resources of the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory

2005other

Exploration and geology of the Mt. Emmons molybdenite deposits, Gunnison County, Colorado

1982Economic Geologyarticle

Spatial variations in the fate and transport of metals in a mining-influenced stream, North Fork Clear Creek, Colorado

2009Science of The Total Environmentarticle

Responses of soil and water chemistry to mountain pine beetle induced tree mortality in Grand County, Colorado, USA

2011Applied Geochemistryarticle

Stable isotope compositions of precipitation from Gunnison, Colorado 2007–2016: implications for the climatology of a high-elevation valley

2019Heliyonarticle

Hydrological effects of hypothetical climate change in the East River basin, Colorado, USA

1995Hydrological Sciences Journalarticle

Review of Vesicular Stomatitis in the United States with Focus on 2019 and 2020 Outbreaks

2021Pathogensarticle

Pinedale glacial history of the upper Arkansas River valley

2016Geological Society of America eBookschapter

First reports of turtle tracks from the Williams Fork Formation (‘Mesaverde’ Group), Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) of western Colorado

2018Cretaceous Researcharticle

Rock glaciers in Central Colorado, U.S.A., as indicators of Holocene climate change

2007Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Researcharticle

Glacial geology of the Monarch Valley, Grand County, Colorado

1938Geological Society of America Bulletinarticle

Dead in the Water? Addressing the Future of Water Conservation in the Colorado River Basin

2023SSRN Electronic Journalarticle

“River Fogs” of Middle Park, Colorado*

1939Bulletin of the American Meteorological Societyarticle

Palynology of Pinedale Sediments, Devlins Park, Boulder County, Colorado

1980Arctic and Alpine Researcharticle

Resurrecting the Dammed: A Look at Colorado River Restoration

2001BioSciencearticle

Hadrosaur Locomotion and Herding Behavior: Evidence from Footprints in The Mesaverde Formation, Grand Mesa Coal Field, Colorado

1983Mountain Geologistarticle

Colorado River Delta

2004BioSciencearticle

Influence of Metal Contamination and Sediment Deposition on Benthic Invertebrate Colonization at the North Fork Clear Creek Superfund Site, Colorado, USA

2018Environmental Science & Technologyarticle

Reactive transport modeling of remedial scenarios to predict cadmium, copper, and zinc in north fork of Clear Creek, Colorado

2009Remediation Journalarticle

Dataset (124) →

Conifer water use patterns in the East River Watershed, Colorado US, based on stable water isotopes and cellulose isotopes

This data package contains a series of datasets aimed at understanding the seasonal origins of water used by the dominant conifer species, Abies lasio...

ess_dive2020

Discharge data collected within the East River for the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Watershed Function Science Focus Area (water years 2015-2018)

Discharge data collected at the East River in the Upper Colorado River Basin for the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Watershed Function Scient...

ess_dive2019

East River Watershed Stable Water Isotope Data in Precipitation, Snowpack and Snowmelt 2016-2020

Stable water isotopes (d18O, d2H and d-excess) are important tracers in hydrologic research to understand water partitioning between vegetation, groun...

ess_dive2021

Discharge data collected within the East River for the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Watershed Function Science Focus Area (water years 2015-2018)

Discharge data collected at the East River in the Upper Colorado River Basin for the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Watershed Function Scient...

ess_dive2019

Anion Data for the East River Watershed, Colorado (2014-2022)

The anion data for the East River Watershed, Colorado, consists of fluoride, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations collected at mul...

ess_dive2023

River and hyporheic zone water geochemical data from OsmoSamplers, East River Pumphouse, Colorado, Nov 2017-Sept 2018

This data package contains geochemical and river water temperature data from OsmoSamplers deployed at East River, Colorado pump house. There are thr...

other2023

Groundwater and Surface Water Flow (GSFLOW) model files for the East River, Colorado

The data package contains model input files and executables for the East River, Colorado (750 km2) located in the headwaters of the Upper Colorado Riv...

ess_dive2023

Distributed hydrological, chemical, and microbiological measurements around Meander A of East River, Colorado.

In July-August 2018, we collected 88 filtered pore water samples at 20 cm depth and analyzed them for anions, cations, dissolved organic carbon, disso...

ess_dive2021

Depth-resolved seasonal porewater chemistry measurements from 3 locations around Meander A of the East River, Colorado

Depth-resolved pore water samples were recovered from 3 locations around Meander A in the East River near Crested Butte, CO, USA for a suite of physio...

ess_dive2021

LiDAR collection in August 2015 over the East River Watershed, Colorado, USA

Airborne LiDAR data were acquired over the East River Watershed on June 8, 2015 to August 10, 2015. The area covered was approximately 4933 square kil...

ess_dive2020
Show 114 more datasets

Gap-filled meteorological data (2011-2020) and modeled potential evapotranspiration data from the KCOMTCRE2 WeatherUnderground weather station, from the East River Watershed, Colorado.

This dataset is a gap-filled meteorological dataset (years 2011-2020) that includes modeled potential evapotranspiration from a station near the pumph...

other2021

Custom NEON AOP reflectance mosaics and maps of shade masks, canopy water content.

This mosaic of visible to shortwave infrared (VSWIR) data was derived from the assignable asset NEON AOP radiance data that was collected by LBNL&rsqu...

other2021

The East River, Colorado, Watershed: A Mountainous Community Testbed for Improving Predictive Understanding of Multiscale Hydrological-Biogeochemical Dynamics: Dataset

This dataset contains snow water, precipitation, and discharge data collected from the East River watershed. This provides insight as to how the water...

ess_dive2019

Floodplain hydrostratigraphy from sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing

This file includes the data published in: Malenda, H.F., Sutfin, N.A., Stauffer, S., Guryan. G., Rowland, J.C., Williams, K.H., and Singha, K. (2019)....

other2022

Data-model files associated with the manuscript "The Effects of Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Gridded Meteorological Forcing on Watershed Hydrological Responses"

This data package contains the model inputs and outputs used in "The Effects of Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Gridded Meteorological Forcing on W...

other2022

Stable Water Isotope Data for the East River Watershed, Colorado (2014-2021)

The stable water isotope data for the East River Watershed, Colorado, consists of delta2H (hydrogen) and delta18O (oxygen) values from samples collect...

ess_dive2023

Hydrologic Model Files (PRMS) for Historical Conditions in the East River Watershed, Colorado between 1987-2019

The data package contains model input and output file for the East River watershed (85 km2) located in the headwaters of the Colorado River. The model...

ess_dive2020

Bulk density, grain size, carbon, and nitrogen content of floodplain fine sediment along the East River, Colorado collected from 2014 to 2017

The dataset is comprised of grain size, bulk density, carbon and nitrogen content of soils sampled on the floodplain of the East River 4 to 11 km down...

other2025

QA/QC-ed Groundwater Level Time Series in PLM-1 and PLM-6 Monitoring Wells, East River, Colorado

Performed Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) analysis of measured groundwater levels in monitoring wells PLM-1 and PLM-6, including identif...

ess_dive2022

Hybrid predictive modeling approach simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respiration data

This dataset includes measured data used for developing hybrid-predictive-modeling (HPM) approach and simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respi...

ess_dive2020

East River Watershed Stable Water Isotope Data in Precipitation, Snowpack and Snowmelt 2016-2020

Stable water isotopes (d18O, d2H and d-excess) are important tracers in hydrologic research to understand water partitioning between vegetation, groun...

ess_dive2021

Leaf mass per area and leaf water content measurements from field survey in association with NEON AOP survey, East River, CO 2018. A Multiscale Approach to Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling within a High Elevation Watershed.

<p>Leaf area, wet, and dry weights for leaf samples from sites where field sampling was conducted during the 2018 National Ecological Observatory Netw...

ess_dive2020

Locations, metadata, and species cover from field sampling survey associated with NEON AOP survey, East River, CO 2018.

Locations and descriptions of the sites where field sampling was conducted during the 2018 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Airborne Obs...

ess_dive2021

Stream discharge data collected within the East River, Colorado for the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Watershed Function Science Focus Area (water years 2019 to 2020).

This data package contains East River, Colorado stream discharge and temperature data for water years 2019 to 2020. This data were collected to unders...

other2023

Machine Learning Assisted Gap-Filled Discharge Data for the East River Community Watershed, Colorado, for Water Years 2014-2021

This dataset contains a collection of machine learning assisted gap-filled discharge data created for all discharge stations across the East River Wat...

ess_dive2022

Groundwater level elevation and temperature across Meander C at the Lower Montane in the East River Watershed, Colorado.

This groundwater level elevation and temperature data package is aimed at improving the predictive understanding of hydro-biogeochemical processes at ...

ess_dive2021

Solute chemistry for streams draining geomorphic features and varying land cover gradients in the East River watershed, Colorado

This dataset contains solute chemistry data and GPS coordinates for surface water samples collected in the East River watershed in the Elk and West El...

other2025

The East River, Colorado, Watershed: A Mountainous Community Testbed for Improving Predictive Understanding of Multiscale Hydrological-Biogeochemical Dynamics: Dataset

This dataset contains snow water, precipitation, and discharge data collected from the East River watershed. This provides insight as to how the water...

ess_dive2019

Hydrologic Model Files (PRMS) for Historical Conditions in the East River Watershed, Colorado between 1987-2019

The data package contains model input and output file for the East River watershed (85 km2) located in the headwaters of the Colorado River. The model...

ess_dive2020

Hydrogeochemical data for the characterization of stream, groundwater, and beaver-induced floodplain exchange in the East River Science Focus Area, Crested Butte, CO

The U.S. Geological Survey, along with scientists from Rutgers University, collected water chemistry, electromagnetic, redox-potential, dissolved oxyg...

other2021

Remote sensing and geophysical characterization of a floodplain-hillslope system in the East River watershed, Colorado

This package is part of the Watershed Function SFA Data Collection and contains remote sensing data and geophysical measurements acquired at the Pumph...

2019

The East River, Colorado, Watershed: A Mountainous Community Testbed for Improving Predictive Understanding of Multiscale Hydrological-Biogeochemical Dynamics: Dataset

This dataset contains snow water, precipitation, and discharge data collected from the East River watershed. This provides insight as to how the water...

ess_dive2019

Plant species distribution within the Upper Colorado River Basin estimated by using hyperspectral and LiDAR airborne data.

This package is part of the Watershed Function SFA project and contains a remote sensing dataset acquired at the East River, Colorado. The remote sens...

ess_dive2021

Multiple RGB ortho-mosaics and digital surface models in 2017 and 2018 across the Lower Montane site in the East River Watershed, Colorado

Aerial imagery was collected at the Lower Montane site (Pumphouse) in the East River Watershed, Colorado during the spring, summer, and fall seasons o...

ess_dive2025

Data associated with Quaternary Research manuscript Latest Pleistocene glacial chronology and paleoclimate reconstruction for the East River watershed, Colorado, USA

The data here are associated with Quaternary Research manuscript Latest Pleistocene glacial chronology and paleoclimate reconstruction for the East Ri...

ess_dive2024

Soil Nitrogen, Water Content, Microbial Biomass, and Archaeal, Bacterial and Fungal Communities from the East River Watershed, Colorado collected in 2016-2017.

This data set contains soil measurements made at the Pumphouse Hillslope to Floodplain transect at the locations of the early snowmelt-timing manipula...

ess_dive2021

Hyporheic, Floodplain, and Surface Water (on Floodplain and River) Geochemical Datasets, and Shapefiles on Meander C at the East River, Colorado.

The purpose of this dataset was to sample surface water and groundwater geochemistry at random locations in the East River, Colorado to provide a broa...

ess_dive2021

DevonKerins/HydrologicalDynamicsinHeadwaterCatchments: Input and data analysis files for "Controls From Above and Below: snow, soil, and steepness drive diverging trends of subsurface water and streamflow dynamics"

HBV Input Files and Climate & Catchment Characteristic Tables Abstract The importance of subsurface water dynamics, such as water storage and flow pa...

2025

Groundwater level elevation and temperature at the Lower Montane in the East River Watershed, Colorado.

This groundwater level elevation and temperature data package is aimed at improving the predictive understanding of hydro-biogeochemical processes at ...

ess_dive2021

Geophysical borehole logging data of wells ER-GLS1, ER-GUM1, ER-PLM7, and ER-PLM8 at the East River Watershed, Colorado.

The purpose of this data set is to provide a means of characterizing the bedrock variability both within a single borehole location and across the Eas...

ess_dive2021

Raw soil carbon dioxide, moisture, temperature and micrometeorological data in the East River Watershed, Colorado June 2021-October 2022. (DE-SC0021139). Ecohydrological controls on root and microbial respiration in the East River watershed of Colorado

This dataset contains raw data from four tripod stations along an elevation gradient on Snodgrass Mountain in the East River Watershed, CO, USA. Eac...

ess_dive2023

Cation Data for the East River Watershed, Colorado (2014-2021)

This data package contains mean values for cation concentration for water samples taken from the East River Watershed in Colorado. Inductively coupled...

ess_dive2023

River bank erosion and accretion rates, and planform metrics of the East River, downstream of Gothic Colorado over intervals between 1955 and 2015

This dataset provides the tabular summary of analysis of an alluvial floodplain reach of the East River, downstream of Gothic, CO near Crested Butte. ...

other2025

Data from: 'Abiotic influences on continuous conifer forest structure across a subalpine watershed'

This package archives the core data used for analysis and inference in 'Abiotic influences on continuous conifer forest structure across a subalpine w...

ess_dive2025

Groundwater and Surface Water Flow (GSFLOW) model files for the East River, Colorado

The data package contains model input files and executables for the East River, Colorado (750 km2) located in the headwaters of the Upper Colorado Riv...

ess_dive2023

Conifer water use patterns in the East River Watershed, Colorado US, based on stable water isotopes and cellulose isotopes

This data package contains a series of datasets aimed at understanding the seasonal origins of water used by the dominant conifer species, Abies lasio...

ess_dive2020

Hybrid predictive modeling approach simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respiration data

This dataset includes measured data used for developing hybrid-predictive-modeling (HPM) approach and simulated evapotranspiration and ecosystem respi...

ess_dive2020

Snow Depth on March 31st 2018 for Upper East River Derived from Airborne Snow Observatory Data

This is a 3m map of snow depth derived from repeat LiDAR data collection by the Airborne Snow Observatory. This dataset has been clipped and resampled...

s32021

Soil moisture and temperature data along the northeast facing hillslope at the Lower Montane site in the East River Watershed, Colorado.

Soil moisture, temperature and electrical conductivity have been monitored with 5TE sensors (Decagon Inc.) located at 10 and 50 cm depth at 4 differ...

other2023

Thermal infrared, multispectral, and photogrammetric data collected by drone for hydrogeologic analysis of the East River and Coal Creek beaver-impacted corridors near Crested Butte, Colorado

The U.S. Geological Survey collected low-altitude (typically 200-350 ft als) airborne thermal infrared, multispectral, and visual imagery data via a m...

other2021

Natural abundance nitrate isotopes from Rifle and the East River Watershed, Colorado

This data package provides data on the natural abundance isotopes of nitrate from various sources, including porewater, stream, and precipitation. The...

ess_dive2020

Thermal infrared and photogrammetric data collected by small unoccupied aircraft system for hydrogeologic analysis of Oh-be-joyful Creek, Gunnison National Forest, Colorado, August 2017

The U.S. Geological Survey collected low-altitude airborne thermal infrared data and visual imagery via a multirotor, small unoccupied aircraft system...

other2021

Chemical and geophysical data collected along Oh-be-joyful Creek, Gunnison National Forest, Colorado

As part of their Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA), Berkeley Lab and its collaborating institutions (e.g., USGS) have established a "Comm...

other2021

Sapflow and xylem water isotopes from Snodgrass Mountain, East River Watershed, Colorado USA. Space and time dynamics of transpiration in the East River watershed: biotic and abiotic controls

This dataset includes sapflux and stable water isotopes of soil water and xylem water for aspen, fir and spruce trees along the Snodgrass Mountain t...

ess_dive2023

Manual soil CO2 flux, temperature and water content measurements from the Snodgrass and Copper Creek elevation transect

The manual_soil_measurements_2022_2023.csv data set contains all of the manually measured soil CO 2 efflux, volumetric water content and soil temperat...

other2023

NEON AOP Imaging Spectroscopy Survey of Upper East River Colorado Watersheds: Raw-Space Radiance and Observational Variable Dataset.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) contracted the National Ecological Observatory Network Airborne Observation Platform (NEON AOP) to observ...

ess_dive2021

NEON AOP Survey of Upper East River CO Watersheds: LAZ Files, LiDAR Surface Elevation, Terrain Elevation, and Canopy Height Rasters

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) contracted the National Ecological Observatory Network Airborne Observation Platform (NEON AOP) to observ...

2020

Electrical Resistivity Tomography data from 2016 to 2018 at the Lower Montane site in the East River Watershed, Colorado

This dataset contains time-lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data along a transect located on the northeast-facing hillslope at the lower ...

ess_dive2025

Groundwater and Surface Water Flow (GSFLOW) model files to explore bedrock circulation depth and porosity in Copper Creek, Colorado

This data package contains integrated hydrological model input and output files for Copper Creek, Colorado (24 km2), a tributary of the East River loc...

ess_dive2024

Data for "Diurnal trends and meteorological factors influencing the variability of fluorescent bioaerosol in Mt. Crested Butte, Colorado during SAIL"

We deployed a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS‐Neo, DMT) at Crested Butte Mountain to the Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (S...

other2024

Recent Upper Colorado River Streamflow Declines Driven by Loss of Spring Precipitation

The dataset accompanying the manuscript titled "Recent Upper Colorado River Streamflow Declines Driven by Loss of Spring Precipitation" provides compr...

other2024

Conifer water use patterns in the East River Watershed, Colorado US, based on stable water isotopes and cellulose isotopes

This data package contains a series of datasets aimed at understanding the seasonal origins of water used by the dominant conifer species, Abies lasio...

ess_dive2020

Snow Depth on April 7th 2019 for Upper East River Derived from Airborne Snow Observatory Data

<p>This is a 3m map of snow depth derived from repeat LiDAR data collection by the Airborne Snow Observatory. This dataset has been clipped and resamp...

s32021

Depth and elevation of floodplain fine sediment along the East River near Crested Butte, Colorado measured in 2016 and 2017.

The depth of floodplain fine sediment was measured at 1,601 points along the East River near Crested Butte, Colorado spanning a study reach approximat...

ess_dive2021

Bioaerosol Properties using WIBS from SAIL on Mt. Crested Butte, CO

We deployed a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS-Neo, DMT) to measure different properties of fluorescent bioaerosol particles (FBAP) during ...

other2023

Data for "Diurnal trends and meteorological factors influencing the variability of fluorescent bioaerosol in Mt. Crested Butte, Colorado during SAIL" with higher fluorescence threshold.

We deployed a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS‐Neo, DMT) at Crested Butte Mountain to the Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (S...

other2024

Classified channel masks of the East River, Colorado, U.S.A and areas of floodplain erosion and accretion ranging from 1955 to 2015.

This dataset provides four sets of geotiffs used for the mapping and analysis an alluvial floodplain reach of the East River, downstream of Gothic, ...

other2023

Fractional Live Cell Count for the paper "Diurnal trends and meteorological factors influencing the variability of fluorescent bioaerosol in Mt. Crested Butte, Colorado during SAIL"

We deployed an Andersen’s Impactor for 24 hrs. to collect filter sample of bioaerosol particles at Mt. Crested Butte During Surface Atmosphere Integra...

other2024

Unsaturated and Saturated Hydraulic Parameters of Soils at the East River Watershed, Colorado Calculated using the Pedotransfer Function Method

The purpose of the data package is to present the results of calculations of the following unsaturated-saturated hydraulic parameters of soils of the ...

ess_dive2021

Fiber-optic distributed temperature data collected along the streambed of the East River, Crested Butte, CO, USA

The data set includes temperature data from the base of the water column along the sediment interface of the East River near Crested Butte Colorado, U...

other2021

Hydrologic and geophysical data from high-elevation boreholes in Redwell Basin near Crested Butte, Colorado

Four boreholes (MW1, MW1UZ, MW2, MW2.1) were drilled in the fall of 2017 and summer of 2018 in upper Redwell Basin, a headwater catchment underlain by...

other2021

Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Data from the Hyporheic Zone of the East River Watershed July 2017 to October 2018

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is critical for aquatic ecosystems. Our focus is on the long-term DO dynamics in hyporheic zone of rivers, which are a function ...

ess_dive2023

The Importance of Interflow to Groundwater Recharge in a Snowmelt-Dominated, Alpine Watershed, Geophysical Research Letters: Modeling and Data Package

This data package contains hydrologic modeling input and output files for the East River (ER_PRMS.zip) and Copper Creek (CC_GSFLOW.zip) for water year...

ess_dive2020

Raw soil carbon dioxide, moisture, and temperature data from a mixed conifer and aspen forest stands in the East River Watershed of Colorado June 2011-December 2021.

These datasets contain raw data from adjacent mixed-conifer (Abies lasiocarpa and Picea engelmannii) and deciduous (Populus tremuloides) forest stands...

ess_dive2023

Post survey report for AOP Assignable Asset collection of Crested Butte, CO

This report contains details of the National Ecological Observatory Network Airborne Observation Platform (NEON AOP) assignable asset (AA) flight over...

ess_dive2020

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and Dissolved Organic Carbon Data for the East River Watershed, Colorado (2015-2021)

This data package contains mean values for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) for water samples taken from the East R...

ess_dive2021

Estimated Darcy Velocities Using Temperature Time Series for Meander A of East River, Colorado.

Heat was used as a tracer to quantify seasonal changes in vertical Darcy velocity through the streambed at three different locations about Meander A o...

ess_dive2021

Data from: “Significant stream chemistry response to temperature variations in a high-elevation mountain watershed”

High-elevation mountain regions, central to global freshwater supply, are experiencing more rapid warming than low-elevation locations. High-elevation...

ess_dive2023

Model files for estimating snow dynamics and stable water isotopes across the East River, CO.

A coupled hydrologic and snowpack stable water isotope model is used to assesses controls on isotopic inputs across the East River, Colorado, a large,...

ess_dive2023

hydrokeira/Si_RandomForest: Si Random Forest Analysis Code

This release contains code to replicate random forest analyses associated with the JGR-Biogeoscience paper "Climate, hydrology, and nutrients control ...

other2024

Geochemical analyses of surface water, groundwater and springs surrounding Mount Emmons near Crested Butte, Colorado (ver. 2.0, September 2020)

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining and Safety (DRMS), and Coal Creek Watershed Coalition (CCWC) working indep...

other2021

Genome-resolved metagenomics and metatranscriptomics of microbial communities in three meander-bound floodplain soils along the East River, Colorado.

This dataset comprises paired environmental and genomic data for soil samples collected across meander-bound floodplains G (ERMG), L (ERML) and Z (ERM...

ess_dive2021

Site-level Foliar C, N, delta13C data from samples collected during field survey associated with NEON AOP survey, East River, CO 2018.

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) weight percent concentrations were obtained from the bulk foliar samples collected across East River, Washington Gulch, Sl...

ess_dive2021

Time-domain reflectometer survey across the East River Watershed, Colorado.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) collected near-surface point-measurements of soil temperature (file variable TDR_T(C)), volumetric water ...

ess_dive2021

Geochemical characterization of floodplain sediments from Meander C and O in the East River Watershed, CO, USA.

This data package is part of the Watershed Function SFA data collection and contains geochemical characterization of sediments as a function of depth ...

ess_dive2021

Predicting sedimentary bedrock subsurface weathering fronts and weathering rates: Dataset.

Although bedrock weathering strongly influences water quality and global carbon and nitrogen budgets, the weathering depths and rates within subsurfac...

ess_dive2021

Copper Creek Baseflow Age Experiment using Environmental Gas Tracers in the East River Watershed, CO.

Groundwater contributions to streams, or baseflow, represents a mix of numerous flow paths through the subsurface of varying ages that are important t...

ess_dive2021

Total Dissolved Nitrogen and Ammonia Data for the East River Watershed, Colorado (2015-2022)

This data package contains mean values for total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and ammonia concentrations for water samples taken from the East River Water...

ess_dive2021

Modeling the impact of riparian hollows on river corridor nitrogen exports

This package contains all reactive transport simulation outputs used in "Modeling the impact of riparian hollows on river corridor nitrogen exports" (...

ess_dive2021

NEON AOP foliar trait maps, maps of model uncertainty estimates, and conifer map, East River, CO 2018.

This data package contains mapped trait estimates and their uncertainties, and conifer map, for the National Ecological Observatory Network's Airborne...

ess_dive2021

Differential concentration discharge for the upper and lower reaches of the East River Watershed, Colorado

This dataset captures the difference in concentration over the difference in discharge across upper and lower reaches of the East River watershed for ...

ess_dive2020

Whole rock major, minor, and trace element geochemistry of the upper part of the Mount Emmons-Redwell porphyry molybdenum (Climax-type) deposit, Redwell Basin, Crested Butte, Colorado

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release provides whole rock major, minor, and trace element geochemical data from the fluorine-rich Mount Emmo...

other2022

Data for the manuscript "HydroMix v1.0: a new Bayesian mixing framework for attributing uncertain hydrological sources"

This folder contains scripts and datasets used in the manuscript titled " HydroMix v1.0: a new Bayesian mixing framework for attributing uncertain hyd...

other2019

USGS Water Data for the Nation

This collection provides access to water-resources data collected at approximately 1.5 million sites in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puert...

other1994

Snowpack_Snodgrass Elevation transect_Winters (2021-22, 2022-23)_AS.csv

The data set “Snowpack_Snodgrass_AS.csv” consists of the snowpack data measured by the PhenoCams at each site up Snodgrass Mtn, Crested Butte, Co. To ...

other2023

Snowpack_Snodgrass_AS.csv

The data set “Snowpack_Snodgrass_AS.csv” consists of the snowpack data measured by the PhenoCams at each site up Snodgrass Mtn, Crested Butte, Co. To ...

other2023

Annual floodplain sediment deposition recorded using feldspar clay marker horizons along the East River, Colorado, 2015-2017.

White feldspar clay was placed along 24 transects defining a ~9-km long study reach along the meandering snowmelt-dominated East River in Colorado, US...

ess_dive2021

Hillslope subsurface flow and transport data for the PLM transect in East River, Colorado.

This file contains data used to calculate subsurface flow and transport at the Pumphouse Lower Montane (PLM) hillslope transect. Information includes ...

ess_dive2021

Differential concentration discharge for the upper and lower reaches of the East River Watershed, Colorado

This dataset captures the difference in concentration over the difference in discharge across upper and lower reaches of the East River watershed for ...

ess_dive2020

Dataset for Quantifying Dissolved Organic Matter Scaling Relationships and Trends in Watersheds

This updated dataset explores the relationship between species richness (i.e., compound metrics) and watershed characteristics using various environme...

2024

Using geochemical indicators to distinguish high biogeochemical activity in floodplain soils and sediments, Science of the Total Environment: Dataset.

This dataset involves analysis of sediment samples collected in the East River watershed and Rifle floodplain sites, CO. Samples were collected and an...

ess_dive2021

hmworsham/er-forest-structure: Abiotic influences on continuous conifer forest structure across a subalpine watershed: RSE review archive

This release archives the code base for the manuscript Worsham et al., "Abiotic influences on continuous conifer forest structure across a subalpine w...

other2024

Soil Environmental Conditions in the East River Watershed, CO.

This dataset contains depth-resolved soil environmental variables collected between June 2016 and October 2018 from the Bradley Meadow site in the Eas...

ess_dive2021

Geochemical exports to river from the intrameander hyporheic zone under transient hydrologic conditions, Water Resources Research: Dataset.

To understand how redox processes influence carbon, nitrogen, and iron cycling within the intrameander hyporheic zone, we developed a biotic and abiot...

ess_dive2021

Airborne Magnetic and Radiometric Survey, Colorado Mineral Belt, Mid Block, 2023

This data release provides digital flight-line and gridded data for a high-resolution airborne magnetic and radiometric survey over the central portio...

other2025

Measurement of particulated matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) using a PM sensor during the SAIL campaign in Gothic, CO and Mt. Crested Butte, CO

We deployed another PM sensor (Modulair-PM, QuantAQ) to measure the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) for three size cuts at both the main...

other2023

Data used in Wainwright, H.M. et al. 2021, “Watershed zonation through hillslope clustering for tractably quantifying above- and belowground watershed heterogeneity and functions”

This data package contains spatial data layers and processing scripts used in Wainwright, H.M. et al. 2021, “Watershed zonation approach for tractably...

2022

Distinct Source Water Chemistry Shapes Contrasting Concentration Discharge Patterns, Water Resources Research: Dataset.

This data package contains discharge and water quality data and model results at Coal Creek Watershed in the central Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA....

ess_dive2021

Sub-Basin Delineation for the Upper East River, Colorado, United States

Upper East sub-basins are delineated as area contributing flow to SFA 2016 stream gage locations. Shapefile attributes include sub-basin ID, name, are...

ess_dive2020

Depth profiles of soil CO2 Concentrations, soil temperature, and soil moisture (Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, Colorado, 2011-2016)

Soil respiration (the flux of CO2 from the soil surface) is one of the largest and most variable fluxes in the global carbon cycle, and yet also one o...

other2021

1660 clusters of ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) amino-acid sequences

1660 Clusters of Ribosomal Protein S3 sequences.Files are archived within a ZIP file.<br>From publication:Lavy et al., (2019) Microbial communities ac...

2019

Sample Collection Metadata for Soil Cores from the East River Watershed, Colorado collected in 2017.

This data package contains sample collection metadata for soil cores from the East River Watershed in Colorado used in biogeochemical analyses by the ...

ess_dive2021

End-Member Mixing Analysis Data Package for the East River Watershed, CO USA.

The data package consolidates water year 2016 stream, rain, snow and groundwater data used by Carroll et al. (2018) for end-member mixing analysis to ...

ess_dive2021

rpS3 gene phylogenetic tree

A Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of rpS3 gene dataset.<br>

2019

Amino-acid Sequences of HMM Hits

Amino-acid sequences matching HMM search across samples.<br>Supplementary file for publication:Lavy et. al., (2019) Microbial communities across a hil...

2019

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for Key Metabolism Enzymes

87 HMMs for key metabolism enzymes used in the manuscript:<br>Lavy et. al., (2019) Microbial communities across a hillslope-riparian transect shaped b...

2019

Qinayan/Soil-thickness: Soil thickness estimation

This release includes Python codes and associated field sampling and remote sensing data for the estimation of the spatial distribution of soil thickn...

other2021

Sub-Basin Delineation for the Upper East River, Colorado, United States.

Upper East sub-basins are delineated as area contributing flow to SFA 2016 stream gage locations. Shapefile attributes include sub-basin ID, name, are...

ess_dive2021

Shale drilling field notes, lithologic descriptions, and core photographs of wells PLM5, PLM8, GUM1, and GLS1 at the East River Watershed, Colorado.

The purpose of this dataset is to maintain a record of the shale drilling field notes, lithologic descriptions, and core photographs taken at the PLM5...

ess_dive2021

Global Daily Surface Blue-sky Albedo Climatology and Land Cover Climatology Dataset from 20-year MODIS Products (500m)

Only the first days of each month were uploaded to Zenodo due to the data storage limitation, and the full dataset is available at http://glass.umd.ed...

other2022

Spin: A Docker-based Platform for Deploying Science Gateways at NERSC

This demonstration presents Spin, a Docker-based, on-premise cloud platform at NERSC that enables researchers to design, build, and manage their own s...

other2018

Stream carbon dioxide in the East River watershed, Crested Butte, CO, USA

Saccardi and Winnick Data contains the East River sample data including chemistry and corrected pCO2 data (n=162) with the included column denoting wh...

other0

The State of Open Data 2020

We’re proud to release our fifth State of Open Data report and feel inspired and encouraged that most open data trends are heading in the right direct...

other2020

Data Citation Guidelines for Earth Science Data , Version 2

Guidelines for developing citations for Earth and environmental science data generated by the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP; www.esipfed.or...

other2019