Protocols

Installation and monitoring of artificial wooden nesting-blocks with multiple cavity sizes to track solitary bee nesting activity, timing, and reproductive success. Involves regular visual monitoring ...

Year-round automated temperature logging with HOBO sensors to detect snowmelt timing and calculate temperature-precipitation ratios during bee activity periods. Integrates with local weather station d...

Laboratory experiment transferring bee eggs between different pollen provision types to test effects on larval survival. Eggs moved between Taraxacum and native Asteraceae provisions in a balanced rec...

Floral resource availability was quantified by counting flowers while walking in progressively larger circles from a central point until reaching 100 flowers or 100m radius. Density was calculated as ...

Standard protocol for preserving unidentifiable specimens in ethanol, followed by pinning and taxonomic identification in laboratory conditions.

Analysis of larval fecal pellets to assess digestive efficiency by measuring frass mass relative to provision mass and quantifying undigested pollen grains using microscopy and staining techniques.

Bayesian mixed effects modeling of body size distributions using four statistical moments (mean, variance, skew, kurtosis) to characterize trait filtering processes. Uses robust measures and hierarchi...

Systematic search and evaluation of published literature examining relationships between phenological shifts and demographic consequences using specific search criteria in Web of Science.

Statistical approach using the climwin package to determine optimal phenological windows of climate variables that best predict biological timing by testing multiple window lengths and start dates.

Laboratory-controlled temperature treatments using paired experimental boxes in contrasting thermal environments to test effects of temperature on insect development rates and voltinism.

Compilation and processing of NOAA weather data for degree-day calculations from 1950-2015. Temperature data aggregation for thermal ecology analysis.

Light intensities in lux recorded using HOBO data-loggers from 2008-2010. Readings taken exactly hourly at trap-nest sites.