Concepts

When a genotype produces different phenotypes under differing environmental conditions

Temperature-dependent physiological and behavioral responses that affect organism fitness and population dynamics

Consumption of plant material by animals, measured as browse occurrence on host plants

An evolutionary process in which a population evolves to become more suited to its local environment through natural selection, resulting in higher fitness in the home environment compared to individu...

The proportion of phenotypic variation in a trait that is due to genetic variation, estimated using parent-offspring regression methods

The ability of organisms to adjust to changing climatic conditions through genetic, phenotypic, or behavioral changes

Experimental approach where organisms from different source populations are grown in different environments to test for local adaptation

Effects of non-native species on native community members and ecosystem processes

Changes in ecological patterns and processes across different time scales

The selection of specific plants by female insects for egg-laying that affects larval survival and development

The process by which traits influence fitness, measured through directional and quadratic selection differentials relating trait values to reproductive success

A process by which adaptive evolutionary change occurs sufficiently rapidly to counteract a decline in population size under initially unfavorable conditions

Secondary metabolites that mediate interactions with herbivores and pathogens in Brassicaceae

Movement of genes between populations through migration and reproduction

Differential expression of genotypes across environmental conditions, indicating genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity

Selection that maintains multiple alleles in a population at frequencies above those expected from mutation alone

Ability of forest ecosystems to maintain function during water-limited conditions through adaptive water use strategies

The study of traits controlled by multiple loci with continuous phenotypic distributions and measurable heritability

When previously adaptive traits become maladaptive due to rapid environmental change, such that organisms are attracted to resources that reduce their fitness

Photosynthetically active radiation levels measured as percentage of full-sun radiation

The mechanism by which organisms measure day and night length to regulate seasonal activities like diapause

The organization of genetic variation within and among populations, reflecting patterns of gene flow, drift, and selection

Statistical approach to identify genetic variants associated with traits by scanning the entire genome

Reciprocal antagonism between plant hormone pathways where jasmonic acid suppresses salicylic acid pathway and vice versa

Plant ability to produce new volatile organic compounds or change other chemical characteristics when damaged, with these chemicals communicating damage to other parts of the same plant and other plan...

The color patterns and hues on butterfly wings produced by interaction of light with pigments on the wing scales

Framework predicting that larger islands have more species at equilibrium since extinction rates decline and colonization rates increase with increased area, and islands at greater distance from mainl...

Color-based visual contrast as perceived by animal visual systems

How changing weather patterns and climate conditions influence animal behavioral strategies

How plant population density affects individual plant growth, morphology, and susceptibility to herbivory through competition and resource availability

When single genes or alleles influence multiple, seemingly unrelated traits

Reduction in population growth rates, size, or occurrence across species ranges

Chromosomes that determine sex, including different haplotypes in the sex-determining region

Females should choose nesting sites that best protect them and their offspring from severe or unpredictable weather events, such as extreme temperatures or high wind

Genetic variation maintained in populations by natural selection where different alleles are favored under different conditions

Biochemical pathway producing anthocyanin pigments responsible for purple coloration

Nutritional limitation during larval development that affects adult phenotype

Feeding behavior where insect larvae create tunnels within plant leaves between epidermal layers

Suite of plant responses to shade including stem elongation, reduced branching, and accelerated flowering to compete for light

Temperature dependence of larval feeding rate, characterized by maximum feeding rate, optimal temperature, and thermal sensitivity parameters

Selection pressure from non-biological environmental factors such as rain or wind

Chromosomal rearrangement where a segment is reversed in orientation, potentially suppressing recombination and maintaining linkage between beneficial alleles

A computational method for simulating genealogies of sampled sequences under neutral evolution

An individual locus shows strong adaptive fitness effects in one habitat, but little or no cost in other habitats

Genetic variation in defensive traits maintained within populations

Limitations on evolutionary divergence imposed by genetic architecture and patterns of genetic covariation

Lower than expected frequency of heterozygous genotypes in a population