Concepts

When a genotype produces different phenotypes under differing environmental conditions

An evolutionary process in which a population evolves to become more suited to its local environment through natural selection, resulting in higher fitness in the home environment compared to individu...

The proportion of phenotypic variation in a trait that is due to genetic variation, estimated using parent-offspring regression methods

The process by which traits influence fitness, measured through directional and quadratic selection differentials relating trait values to reproductive success

A process by which adaptive evolutionary change occurs sufficiently rapidly to counteract a decline in population size under initially unfavorable conditions

Differential expression of genotypes across environmental conditions, indicating genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity

The study of traits controlled by multiple loci with continuous phenotypic distributions and measurable heritability

When previously adaptive traits become maladaptive due to rapid environmental change, such that organisms are attracted to resources that reduce their fitness

When single genes or alleles influence multiple, seemingly unrelated traits

Genetic variation maintained in populations by natural selection where different alleles are favored under different conditions

Selection pressure from non-biological environmental factors such as rain or wind

Chromosomal rearrangement where a segment is reversed in orientation, potentially suppressing recombination and maintaining linkage between beneficial alleles

An individual locus shows strong adaptive fitness effects in one habitat, but little or no cost in other habitats

Limitations on evolutionary divergence imposed by genetic architecture and patterns of genetic covariation

The degree to which novel resources resemble historical resources in their chemical or physical cues

Genetic change in a trait if there is heritable variation, selection, and heritability