Concepts

Temperature-dependent physiological and behavioral responses that affect organism fitness and population dynamics

Photosynthetically active radiation levels measured as percentage of full-sun radiation

The mechanism by which organisms measure day and night length to regulate seasonal activities like diapause

The color patterns and hues on butterfly wings produced by interaction of light with pigments on the wing scales

Suite of plant responses to shade including stem elongation, reduced branching, and accelerated flowering to compete for light

Environmental gradient of light availability from open sun through intermediate shade to deep shade habitats

Study of how organisms obtain and use nutrients and how nutrition affects fitness

Requirement for extended cold treatment to trigger flowering in some plant species