Concepts

Changes in ecological patterns and processes across different time scales

The selection of specific plants by female insects for egg-laying that affects larval survival and development

Movement of genes between populations through migration and reproduction

Selection that maintains multiple alleles in a population at frequencies above those expected from mutation alone

The organization of genetic variation within and among populations, reflecting patterns of gene flow, drift, and selection

How plant population density affects individual plant growth, morphology, and susceptibility to herbivory through competition and resource availability

Reduction in population growth rates, size, or occurrence across species ranges

Females should choose nesting sites that best protect them and their offspring from severe or unpredictable weather events, such as extreme temperatures or high wind

Nutritional limitation during larval development that affects adult phenotype

Genetic variation in defensive traits maintained within populations

Lower than expected frequency of heterozygous genotypes in a population

Multiple individuals of solitary nesting species choosing to nest in close proximity to one another

A state where viable seeds do not germinate immediately even under favorable conditions

Selection on body mass accounting for juvenile survival until reproduction but may weaken after recruitment

Peak metabolic rate and total energy expenditure during forced flight as measures of dispersal ability