Protocols

Comprehensive measurement of floral traits (corolla dimensions, anther insertion, petal color, nectar production) and vegetative traits (specific leaf area, trichome density, water-use efficiency) on ...

Beetles were captured using speed nets, marked with tungsten needle dot codes on elytra, and released for recapture monitoring to estimate population sizes and dispersal patterns. Elytral condition wa...

Multi-site common garden experiment using controlled crosses to partition genetic and environmental variance in vegetative and floral traits across a hybrid zone. Seeds from multiple genetic families ...

Paired experimental design comparing floral development and longevity between plants receiving daily road dust applications versus undusted controls, with detailed tracking of flower developmental sta...

Weekly monitoring of fly oviposition on flowers and assessment of fruit damage by predispersal seed predators including fly larvae and caterpillars to quantify reproductive success and seed predation ...

Volatile organic compounds were sampled from single flowers using dynamic headspace sampling, then analyzed with thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and quantify floral...

A controlled field experiment testing the effects of nitrogen addition and reduction on plant community composition over 8 years. Annual percent cover monitoring tracked responses of invasive and nati...

Standardized measurement of floral reflectance spectra using fiber optic probe positioned at fixed distance and angle from flower surface. Spectra collected across 300-700 nm range for input into visu...

Size-structured population model that incorporates climate effects on vital rates to project population dynamics and calculate population growth rates. Uses continuous size distributions and matrix pr...

Quantified natural selection on floral traits by measuring relationships between trait values, pollinator visitation rates, and reproductive success. Calculated standardized selection differentials to...

Controlled experiment using artificial flowers with discrete bullseye phenotypes exposed to UV-present vs UV-absent treatments to test UV-mediated selection on floral traits. Pollen viability measured...

Time-lapse photography of individual flowers using motion-activated cameras to capture and quantify hummingbird feeding visits. Combined with machine learning image processing to automate detection.

Standard enzyme electrophoresis technique used to determine genotypes at the 6PGD-2 locus for parentage assignment. Distinguishes between homozygous medium (MM) and homozygous slow (SS) allelic varian...

Experimental clipping treatment designed to reduce plant photosynthetic capacity by approximately 50% through removal of stems. Used to simulate herbivory stress and examine effects on mycorrhizal ass...

Plants were subjected to progressive water stress by withholding irrigation to create a gradient of soil moisture conditions. This experimental design allowed examination of plant responses across a r...

PCR amplification of microsatellite loci followed by capillary electrophoresis for allele sizing and polymorphism assessment.

Long-term monitoring of plant morphological traits across permanent transects spanning a hybrid zone between two Ipomopsis species along an elevational gradient, with cline fitting to quantify trait g...

Standardized protocol to transfer dust from plant surfaces to microscope slides and count particles in defined areas under magnification. Used to calibrate experimental dust treatments against natural...

Post-pollination measurement of ovary size changes as a proxy for detecting fertilization events and ovule development. Uses standardized photography and image analysis to quantify ovary dimensions.

Controlled application of synthetic pinene enantiomers via cotton-filled microcentrifuge tube emitters to test effects of specific volatile compounds on insect oviposition behavior. Treatments applied...

Systematic walking surveys through grasshopper habitat to count and score individuals for wing color morphs (orange vs yellow) across multiple populations and years. Researchers targeted 100 individua...

Production of F2 hybrid generations with alternate cytoplasmic backgrounds through controlled hand-pollination crosses. Allows testing of cytoplasmic effects on physiological traits.

Controlled laboratory assay using prepared stigmas on growth medium to test pollen germination and tube growth across species boundaries. Stigmas are prepared from unopened buds, treated with pure pol...

Direct measurement of leaf stomatal conductance using porometer to assess plant water stress and physiological responses to watering treatments. Measured during flowering and early fruiting phases.

Non-destructive estimation of leaf chlorophyll concentration using reflectance spectroscopy and vegetation indices.

Development of deterministic and stochastic population models incorporating empirical estimates of selection, heritability, and phenotypic plasticity to project population persistence under climate ch...

Replicated split-plot design with snowmelt manipulated at plot level and precipitation manipulated at subplot level.